body cavities mesenteries and diaphram

Question 1

The lateral plate mesoderm divides into 3 things what are they?

Answer 1

1. Somatic mesoderm
2. Splanchnic Mesoderm
3. Intraembryonic coelom

Question 2

What is the intraembryonic coelom a precursor for?

Answer 2

1. Pericardial cavity
2. Pericardioperiteonal canals
3. Peritoneal cavities

Question 3

What structures come from the somatic mesoderm?

Answer 3

Parietal layer of serous membranes of peritoneal, pleura and pericardial cavities

Question 4

What structures arise from the splanchnic mesoderm?

Answer 4

Visceral layer of lungs, heart, abdominal organs

- CT and smooth muscle of Gi and Respiratory tract

Question 5

Lateral folding is a result of what?

Answer 5

Folding of somatic mesoderm

Question 6

When the heart forms outside the thoracic wall its called?

Answer 6

Ectopia cordis with cleft sternum

• lateral doesn’t meant cephalic fold
• incompatible

Question 7

What connects the pericardial and peritoneal cavities and what does it give rise to later?

Answer 7

Pericardioperitoneal canal- on each side of the foregut

Pleural cavities

Question 8

An evisceration of abdominal contents through a fissure in the anterior abdominal wall above or below the umbilicus is what? Cause?

Answer 8

Congenital umbilical hernia (Covered by skin)

- wall body anomaly and myotome migration

Question 9

What is Gastroschisis? cause?

Answer 9

Eviceration of abdominal contents usually on right

• More frequent in cocaine use mothers
• lateral folding and myotome anomaly
• basically umbilical hernia without covering of skin or fascia

Question 10

What is extrophy of the bladder?

Answer 10

Urinary bladder open out onto body wall

• Hemipenis and hemiscotum too
• myotome migration involved

Question 11

Pericardial cavity is carried where compared to the foregut?

Answer 11

Ventrocaudally

Question 12

What suspends the foregut, hind and midgut?

Answer 12

Dorsal mesentery

- also carries vessels and nerves

Question 13

What happens to the ventral mesentery

Answer 13

It disappears except in the region of the stomach, proximal duodenum, and the liver where is remains as the lesser omentum and the falciform ligament.

Question 14

What is the significance of the pleuropericardial folds (membranes)?

Answer 14

Divides the thoracic cavity into the pericardial cavity and pleural cavities
- does this by dividing the intraembryonic coelom

Question 15

What other structure does the pleuropericaridal folds create?

Answer 15

Fibrous pericardium

-surface cells form the serous membranes

Question 16

What does the pleuropericardial folds contain?

Answer 16

Phrenic nerve

Common cardinal veins

Question 17

What extends ventrally to fuse with the dorsal mesentery of esophagus and the transverse septum? What does it separate?

Answer 17

Pleuroperitoneal membranes

• pleural cavity from the peritoneal cavity
• closes pericardioperitoneal canal

Question 18

How are the post lateral regions of the diaphragm formed ?

Answer 18

Myoblasts of transverse septum migrate into pleuroperiteonal membranes

Question 19

Where is the phrenic nerve located?

Answer 19

Between the fibrous pericardium and mediastinal pleura

Question 20

What creates the central tendon of the diaphragm?

Answer 20

transverse septum and ventral mesentery

Question 21

What forms the lumbocostral and vertebrocostal trigones?

Answer 21

Pleuroperitoneal membranes

Question 22

What forms the left and right crura of the diaphragm?

Answer 22

Dorsal mesentery of the esophagus.

- Motor branches of phrenic nerve carries from transverse septum myoblasts

Question 23

What forms the costal portion of the diaphragm?

Answer 23

Lateral and dorsal body walls

- myoblasts from TS migrate into mesenchyme of lateral body wall

Question 24

Where does the lateral costal margin of the diaphragm receive its innervation?

Answer 24

Sensory from lower intercostal nerves

Question 25

How does the phrenic nerve get to the diaphragm>

Answer 25

Cervical somites 3,4,5 and thus cervical nerves 3,4,5 migrate into transverse septum which migrates down to form the central tendon

Question 26

What is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

Answer 26

1/2200
- failure of the pleuroperitoneal folds to fuse with the other diaphragmatic components (usually the vertebrocostal or lumbocostal trigone)

Question 27

what herniates in a congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

Answer 27

stomach spleen intestine into thoracic cavity

Question 28

What are some symptoms of the womb and can the bay survive?

Answer 28

Polyhydraminios

• no because of hypoplastic lungs
• usually on left

Question 29

What side does the congenital diaphragmatic hernia normally appear and why?

Answer 29

left

- because the pericardioperiteoneal canal is larger on the left

Question 30

What is eventration of the diaphragm?

Answer 30

half diaphragm has defective musculature and abdominal viscera balloon in the thoracic cavity
- thus there is still a membrane and not due to lack of fusion but hypoplastic diaphragm

Question 31

What causes a eventration of a diaphragm?

Answer 31

myoblast in the transverse septum dont migrate into the other components of the diaphragm or fails to migrate all together.

Question 32

What are the 2 kinds of congenital esophageal hiatal hernias?

Answer 32

Sliding

Paraesophageal

Question 33

what is a esophageal hiatal hernia

Answer 33

herniation of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus

• due to failure of esophagus to elongate
• increase risk for adult hiatal hernia

Question 34

What is a retrosternal hernia?

Answer 34

Gut herniation between the sternum and diaphragm