Abnormal CV Dev Flashcards
When do most congenital heart disease arise? and what from?
weeks 3-8
- Genetics- 9%
- Environment-1%
- Unknown- 90%
In terns of Congenital heart diseases what makes up the 9% genetic defects?
- Familial like Marfan 2-3
- Chromosomal defects (non-familial) 5%
What are the left to right shunts?
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Patent Ductus arteriosus
What are the symptoms of a left to right shunt?
Cyanosis (sats
What are the right to left shunts and its symptoms presentation?
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of Great arteries
Truncus arteriosus
- Cyanosis early in postnatal life
What are the 2 anomalies that create most atrial septal defects?
- Excessive resorption of primary septum (Spider like appearance, Apoptosis)
- Incompetent foramen ovale due to hypoplastic growth of secondary septum
What are other ways to have a atrial septal defect?
- inadequate dev of the primary septum producing a basal opening
- Sinus venosus dev defect
What happens to the physiology in a ASD?
- Pulmonary flow 2-4x normal
- Large ones lead to pulmonary HTN and cyanosis tardive and cardiac failure
What are some complications of a ASD?
- Right ventricular failure
- Paradoxical embolism
How would one treat a ASD?
Surgery
- Secondary atrial septal percutaneous transvenous closure device
What do shunts do to the heart?
Normal pressure 1:6 Pulmonary:aorta
- increases right ventricular pressure and pulmonary artery pressure increase leading to pulmonary fibrosis
- Can lead to ventricular septal defects
What is the most common congenital heart defect?
Ventricular septal defect
(VSD)
- 40%
What is the most common cause of VSD?
Membranous portion of ventricular septum fails to close
- swiss- cheese septum
How does one fix a VSD?q
50% close spontaneously
- surgery
What other anomalies are VSD associated with?
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Tetraology of Fallow
- Coarctation of aorta
- Transposition of aorta
What does the ductus arteriosus derive from?
6th aortic arch
What is common flow of a patent ductus ateriosus after birth?
From aorta to pulmonary artery
- if reversed cause cardiac enlargement and increase pulmonary vascularity
- at day 30 DA should be a ligament