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Crrab 1 > Extra Path > Flashcards

Extra Path Flashcards

1
Q

What is a antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)?

A

Serum from many pts with vasculitis reacts with cytoplasmic ags in neutrophils

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2
Q

What are the causes of non- infectious vasculitis?

A

Immune complex deposition

  • Antineutrophil cytoplasmic abs
  • Anti- endothelial cell abs
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3
Q

What is thrombophlebitis?

A

Inflammation and venous thrombosis usually affecting the deep leg veins

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4
Q

what are some reasons for thrombophlebitis?

A

Neoplasia or malignancy

- PE is common and serious consequence

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5
Q

What is Trousseau sign?

A

Migrating thrombophlebitis

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6
Q

what is lymphagitis associated with?

A

Bacterial infections

aka: lymphadenitis

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7
Q

What type of cancer is usually spread via lymphatics?

A

Carcinoma type with LN involvement

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8
Q

What is chronic lymphedema?

A

Due to lymphatic obstruction or interruption

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9
Q

What are some causes of chronic lymphedema?

A
  • Congenital
  • Surgical
  • Obstructive neoplasia
  • Parasitic
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10
Q

What is a cavernous hemangioma?

A
  • Larger than capillary hemangiomas
  • Dep structures
  • Cavernous vascular spaces
  • Von Hippel-Lindau dz occur within cerebellum, brainstem or eye
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11
Q

What is a pyogenic granuloma?

A

Polypoind form of capillary hemangioma that occurs as rapidly growing, exophytic red nodule attached by a stalk to the skin and gingival or oral mucosa

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12
Q

What is a lymphangioma?

A

Benign lymphatic analog of hemangioma

-

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13
Q

what is a glomus tumor?

A

Benign very painful tumor that typically occurs in the distal portion of the digits
- modified SMC of glomus body

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14
Q

What is vascular ectasias?

A
  • not true neoplasms; lesions characterized by localized dilation of pre-existing vessels
  • Nevus flammus and port wine strain
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15
Q

What are spider telangiectasia?

A

pulsatile array of dilated subcutaneous arteries or arterioles that blanch when pressure is applied to the center seen in pregnant women and cirrhotic patients

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16
Q

What are hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia?

A

(Osler-Weber-Rendu disease); autosomal dominant disorder with widely distributed lesions composed of dilated capillaries and veins

17
Q

What is eisenmenger syndrome?

A

The pulmonary arteries respond by medial hypertrophy and constriction to maintain normal pressures, however eventually resistance increases toward systemic levels and there is a reverse of the shunt to right to left with unoxygenated blood in the systemic circulation

18
Q

What does the LAD supply?

A

infarct involves anterior wall of the left ventricle near apex; anterior 2/3 portion of ventricular septum; apex circumferentially and anteriolateral papillary muscle

19
Q

What does the RCA supply?

A

Infarct involves inferior/posterior wall of the left ventricle; posterior portion of the ventricular septum; inferior/posterior right ventricular free wall in some cases

PDA 85% come from RCA

20
Q

What does the LCA supply?

A

Infarct involves lateral wall of the left free ventricle except at apex

21
Q

What is endocarditis in systemic lupus erthematosus?

A

Mitral and tricuspid valvulitis with small, sterile vegetations called Libman-Sacks endocarditis (present on both sides of valve leaflets)

22
Q

What is carcinoid HD?

A

Cardiac manifestation of the systemic syndrome caused by carcinoid tumors

  • Endocardium and valves of right side
23
Q

What are the forms of genetic dilated cardiomyopathy?

A
  • Autosomal dominant inheritance is the predominant pattern
  • Genetic abnormalities largely affect the cytoskeleton
  • X-linked cardiomyopathy has been linked to the gene for dystrophin
24
Q

What are the non-viral cause of myocarditis?

A
  • Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) in South America
  • Trichinosis: most common helminithic disease associated with cardiac involvement
  • Lyme carditis
  • AIDS myocarditis
  • Inflammation and myocyte damage without a clear etiologic agent
  • Myocarditis caused directly by HIV or opportunistic pathogen
25
Q

What are the non-infectious cause of myocarditis?

A
  • Allergic reactions (hypersensitivity) often to a particular drug
  • Systemic diseases of immune origin: RF, SLE, polymositis, etc.
  • Cardiac sarcoidosis and transplant rejection
26
Q

What is senile cardiac amyloidosis?

A
  • Exclusively a disease of elderly people
  • Protein deposits derive from transthyretin
  • Has a far better prognosis than systemic amyloidosis
27
Q

What is a papillary fibroelastoma?

A

usually located on valves and appear as hairline projections, may represent organized thrombi

28
Q

Can iron overload cause myocarditis?

A

Yes can cause dilation and systolic dysfunction

- accumulation of hemosiderin within cardiac myocytes

Crrab 1 (27 decks)

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