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Crrab 1 > blood vessel histology > Flashcards

blood vessel histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the blood vessels?

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

  • elastic membrane between TI and TM in artery
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2
Q

How are impulses propagates through the smooth muscle?

A

Via gap junctions

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3
Q

What stimulates contraction in a vessel smooth muscle?

A

Postganglionic unmyelinated sympathetic fibers via NE

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4
Q

what color is elastin of the arterial walls in gross specimens?

A

yellowish

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5
Q

Which arteries have elastic (conducting)?

A 
Aorta
Common carotid
Subclavian
Iliac arteries 
Pulmonary trunk
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6
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of elastic conducting arteries Tunica intima?

A
  1. Endothelium
  2. Narrow layer of underlying CT
  3. Internal elastic lamina
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7
Q

What are Weibel-Palade bodies and where are they found?

A

Storage granules. Store and release von Willebrand factor and P-selectin
-Found in endothelium of elastic conducting arteries

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8
Q

How are the endothelial cells orientated and what connects them?

A

Elongates and orientated in longitudinal plane

-Connected by occluding junctions

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9
Q

What are fenestrated lamellae and where are they found?

A

Holes or sheets of Swiss cheese found in the Tunica media

  • Give histo view a wavy look
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10
Q

What produces the ECM in tunica media?

A

Smooth muscle cells

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11
Q

What are some other characteristics of tunica media?

A

Very few fibroblasts

  • Circularly arranged smooth muscle bundles alternate with elastin
  • Fenestrate lamellae
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12
Q

What are some characteristics of tunica adventitia?

A

Relatively thin

Contains vasa vasorum

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13
Q

What is vasa vasorum?

A

Blood vessels of blood vessels

-Capillary beds spring from these vessels to supply the tunica media

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14
Q

What is the chief characteristic of muscular (distributing) arteries?

A

Thick tunica media comprised primarily of smooth muscle cells

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of muscular arteries tunica intima?

A

Thinner than elastic arteries

-Prominent internal elastic lamina (undulating contour)

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16
Q

How many layers can a muscular arteri tunica media smooth muscle be?

A

3-40

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17
Q

How are the smooth muscle cells arranged and is there elastic lamina present in muscular arteries tunica media?

A

Circumferentially

Yes

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18
Q

What produces the CT components of tunica adventitia of muscular arteries?

A

Fibroblasts

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19
Q

What are some other characteristics of muscular arteries tunica adventitia?

A

Vasa vasorum present

  • Unmyelinated nerve endings
  • Some thing elastic laminae
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20
Q

As arteries get smaller does the elastin increase or decrease?

A

Decrease

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21
Q

What is he average of of arterioles

A
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22
Q

What are the the layers of an arterioles?

A

Intima has endothelial cells, thin CT and sometimes thin elastic lamina

  • Media- 1-3 layers of SM
  • Adventitia is scant but produced by fibroblasts
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23
Q

What are metarterioles

A

Specialized structures that control blood flow into capillary bed by encircling the arteriole just proximal to where the capillary arises from the arteriole

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24
Q

What are 2 characteristics of metarteriolese SM cells?

A

Not continuous

-Act as sphincters by contracting (thus limiting the amount of blood let into the capillary)

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25
Q

What is the carotid sinus?

A

Baroreceptor found in the wall of the carotid arteries (at the bifurcation of common carotid)

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26
Q

What is thick in the carotid sinus and how is it innervated?

A

Adventitia

-Sensory fibers of glossopharyngeal

27
Q

Is the tunica media thick or thin in the carotid sinus?

A

Thin

-Blood vessels distend with increasing blood pressure which stimulates the nerve

28
Q

What are the carotid bodies?

A

Chemoreceptors at the bifurcation of the common carotid

-Nerve ending that monitor changes in O2, Co2 and hydrogen ions in blood

29
Q

What is the the carotid bodies innervated by?

A

Afferents are 9 and 10

30
Q

What are aortic bodies? Where are they?

A

Chemoreceptors

-Aortic arch between right subclavian and right common carotid and between left common carotid and left subclavian

31
Q

What is the diameter of a typical capillary?

A

8-10 microns

-RBC is about 7

32
Q

What are some characteristics of capillaries?

A

Single layer of elongated simple squamous endothelial cells

  • External surface has basal lamina
  • Vimentin and desmin
  • Pinocytotic vesicles ass with cell membrane
33
Q

What joints capillaries together?

A

Fascia occudentes

34
Q

What are pericytes and there relationship with capillaries?

A

Provide structural support and can contract to control capillary diameter

  • May give rise to SM and endothelial cells
  • Sometimes form gap junctions with endothelial cells
  • On caps and small venules
35
Q

What body systems have continuous capillary types?

A
  1. Muscle
  2. CT
  3. CNS
36
Q

What body systems have fenestrated capillary types?

A
  1. Kidney glomeruli
  2. Endocrine glands
  3. Intestinal villi
  4. Exocrine pancreas
37
Q

What body systems have sinusoidal capillary types?

A
  1. Liver
  2. Spleen
  3. Bone marrow
  4. Lymph nodes
38
Q

What are the 3 types of capillary types?

A
  1. Continuous
  2. Fenestrated
  3. Sinusoidal
39
Q

What are some characteristics of continuous capillaries?

A

No interruptions (pores) in walls

40
Q

What joins continuous caps together?

A

Fasciae occludentes

41
Q

What are some characteristics of fenestrated caps?

A

Pores (covered by thin diaphragm)

-Can be in clusters

42
Q

What are some characteristics of sinusoidal caps?

A

Larger diameter

  • Irregular shaped blood pools or channels
  • Basal lamina is discontinuous
  • Fenestrated but without diaphragms
43
Q

What are the 3 segments of arteriovenous anastomoses?

A
  1. Arterial segment
  2. Intermediate segment
  3. Venous segment
44
Q

Which segment is innervated by adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibers?

A

Intermediate

45
Q

When the shunt is open in arteriovenous anastomoses what happens? Closed?

A

Blood largely bypasses cap bed

-Closed then blood enters cap bed

46
Q

What is the purpose of AV anastomoses?

A

Thermoregulation

-Shunt open when cold to preserve heat

47
Q

What is the thoroughfare channel?

A

Distal part of central channel

48
Q

What do leukocytes bind to on the endothelium to being diapedesis?

A

Selectins (P, E and L) activation independent (cells still rolling)

  • Integrins activation dependent
  • Others
49
Q

What are some characteristics of veins?

A

Outnumber arteries

  • Lumen diameter larger
  • Holds 70% of blood
  • Parallel arteries and nerves
  • Walls collapse due to thinness
  • Same 3 layers
50
Q

What do venules and small veins looks like under section?

A

Like sinusoidal caps

51
Q

Where doe leukocytes preferred to emigrate?

A

Through venules and small veins

52
Q

What increases and replaces pericytes as venules get larger?

A

Smooth muscle

-Much material exchanged between vascular compartment and extravascular compartment

53
Q

What are HEV’s and their function?

A

High endothelial venules

  • Specialized versions of small venules found in some lymphatic organs
  • Cuboidal endothelial rather than squamous
  • Allow migration of leukocytes
54
Q

What are the characteristics of medium veins?

A
  • Tunica intima: endothelium; basal lamina; some reticular fibers
  • Tunica media: smooth muscle cells intermingled with collagen fibers and fibroblasts
  • Tunica adventitia: thickest layer; collagen and elastic fibers
55
Q

What are the large veins?

A 
Venae cavae 
Pulmonary 
Portal 
Renal 
Internal jug
Iliac 
Azygous veins
56
Q

What are the characteristics of large veins?

A
  • Tunica intima: endothelium and a thick subendothelial layer with elastic fibers
  • Tunica media: not well developed–often not apparent
  • Tunica adventitia: collagen fibers; abundant elastic fibers; vasa vasorum; longitudinally disposed smooth muscle bundles (e.g., inferior vena cava)
57
Q

What is the arrangement of SM in large veins?

A

Longitudinal rather than circumferential

58
Q

What are varicose veins?

A

Enlarged and tortuous veins

Usually affect superficial veins in legs of older plp

59
Q

What is the cause of varicose veins?

A

Loss of muscle tone

  • Wall degeneration
  • Valvular incompetence
60
Q

What are some other locations of varicose veins

A

Lower esophagus

-Terminus of anal canal (hemorrhoids)

61
Q

What makes up valves?

A

Folds of intima

-CT rich in elastic fibers

62
Q

What are lymph capillaries?

A

-larger diameter than blood capillaries; end blindly in tissue spaces; flimsy basal lamina; endothelial cells held together by a few tight junctions

63
Q

What are collecting vessels of the lymphatic system?

A

Vein like structure but thinner walls and valves more closely spaced

64
Q

What are the main trunks of the lymph vascular system?

A

Thoracic and right lymphatic ducts have bein like structure

Crrab 1 (27 decks)

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