Pharm 30 Part II Flashcards

1
Q

MOA: carbohydrate analogues that bind avidly to alpha glucosidase, slowing the breakdown and absorption of of dietary carbohydrates such as dextrin and dissaccharides.

A

alphaglucosidase inhibitors

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2
Q

MOA: the classic anabolic hormone, insulin promotes carbohydrate metabolism and facilitates glucose, amino acid, and TG uptake and storage in liver, cardiac and skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

A

Exogenous Insulin

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3
Q

MOA: inhibit the Beta cell K/ATP pump at the SUR1 subunit, thereby stimulating insulin release and increasing circulating levels to levels that are able to overcome insulin resistance

A

Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides

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4
Q

MOA: Activates AMPK to block synthesis of FAs to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis; increases insulin receptor activity and metabolic responsiveness in liver and skeletal muscle

A

Biguanides

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5
Q

MOA: co released with insulin , acts on receptors of the CNS to slow gastric emptying, reduce glucose and glucagon release and promote satiety

A

Pramlintide

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6
Q

MOA: enhance glucose dependent insulin release delay gastric emptying, inhibit glucagon secretion, decrease appetite by inhibiting degradation by DPP-4 inhibitors or agonizing GLP-1 receptor

A

Incretins

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7
Q

bind and stimulates PPARgamma, thereby increasing insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue liver and muscle

A

TZDs

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8
Q

binds to SUR1 subunit of K+/ATP channel in pancreatic Beta cells and stabalizes ATP bound open state of the channel so b cell membrane remains HYPERpolarized, decreasing insuling secretion

A

Diazoxide

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9
Q

modest increase in plasma TGs, aminotransferase levels should be monitered and is most useful for pts with postprandial hyperglycemia and for new-onset pts with mild hyperglycemia

A

alpha-glucosidases

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10
Q

rapid acting analogues of inslulin

A

lispro, aspart, glulisine

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11
Q

long - acting anlogues of insulin

A

glargine and detemir

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12
Q

major dange of insulin therapy …

A

hypoglycemia in pts not taking in enough carbohydrates

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13
Q

mainstay of Tx for Type II diabetes

A

Sulfonylureas

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14
Q

can cause weight gain so better suited for nonobese pts, first generations have lower affinity than 2nd .

A

sulfonylureas

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15
Q

can decrease weight, GI distrbances, lactic acidosis

A

Metformin

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16
Q

less insulin is required when this drug is used

A

pramlintide

17
Q

can be used in combination with sulfonylureas and metformin to improve glucose control

A

GLP-1 analogues

18
Q

adjust dose in kidney, monitor digoxin levels

A

DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin –> digoxin levels

19
Q

does not induce hypoglycemia, restricted to pts who did not respons to other antidiabetic medications

A

TZDs, (rosiglitazone for non-responsive)

20
Q

when oral/ VI glucose is not possible use this, it also depends on a hepatic store of glycogen to be useful

A

Glucagon