Pharm 30 Part I Flashcards

1
Q

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (3)

A

acarbose, migitol, voglibose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prandial Bolus Insulins (4)

A

“LAGeR” Insulin Lispro, Insulin aspart, Insulin glulisine, Regular Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Basal “ long acting “ insulins (3)

A

NPH insulin, insulin glargine, Insulin detemir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

First generation (4): Inhibit the beta-cell K+/ATP channel at the SUR1 subunit; thereby stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells and increasing circulating insulin to levels sufficient to overcome insulin resistance

A

TACT

- Tolbulamide, acetohexamide, chlorpropamide, tolazamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Second generation (5): Inhibit the beta-cell K+/ATP channel at the SUR1 subunit; thereby stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells and increasing circulating insulin to levels sufficient to overcome insulin resistance

A

G’s

- Glimepiride, Glipizide, Glibenclamide, Gliclazide, Gliquidone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Inhibit the beta-cell K+/ATP channel at the SUR1 subunit; thereby stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells and increasing circulating insulin to levels sufficient to overcome insulin resistance (2)

A

Nateglinide, Repaglinide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Activates AMPK to block synthesis of fatty acids and to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis; increases insulin receptor activity and metabolic responsiveness in liver and skeletal muscle.

A

Metformin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acts on receptors in the CNS to slow gastric emptying, reduce postprandial glucagon and glucose release, and promote satiety.

A

Pramlintide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Act on Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor to enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibit glucagon secretion, delay gastric emptying, and decrease appetite.

A

“El” Exenatide, Liraglutide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prolongs GLP-1 activity to enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibit glucagon secretion, delay gastric emptying, and decrease appetite.

A

Sit-Sax (instead of the sitaur) Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bind and stimulates the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma), thereby increasing insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle

A

Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone

- GLITAZONES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Inhibits GHRH release

A

Octreotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

MOA: Bind avidly to intestinal brush border alpha glucosidase enzymes, slowing breakdown and absorption of dietary carbohydrates such as dextrin, and disaccharides

A

alpha glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose, migitol, voglibose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contraindications Include cirrhosis, DKA, digestive problems, IBD, and Bowel obstruction

A

alpha-glucosidases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hypoglycemia is the sole CI for

A

Exogenous insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DKA is the sole CI for

A

Sulfonylureas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DKA + Type 1 diabetes are the CIs for

A

Meglitinides

18
Q

Contraindications are metabolic acidosis, Hepatic disease, Renal impairment, Respiratory distress, Alcohol abuse, Septicemia, Heart failure

A

Metformin

19
Q

What may result in a patient on Metformin that has received iodinated contrast media if acute alteration of renal function is an underlying issue ?

A

Lactic Acidosis

20
Q

Hypoglycemia + Gastroparesis CI for

A

Pramlintide

21
Q

ype 1 dm + DKA CI for

A

Incretins (GLP-1 analogues and DPP4 inhibitors

22
Q

Heart failure is the sole CI for

A

TZDs (GLITAZONES)

23
Q

Patient with a pheochromocytoma cannot receive

A

exogenous glucagon

24
Q

Type 2 dm and polycystic ovarian syndrom are indicated for use of

A

Metformin

25
Q

Both Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus can receive

A

Pramlinitide

26
Q

Hypoglycemia + Malignant hypertension(off-label) are both indications to use

A

Diazoxide

27
Q

Hypoglycemia + intestinal relaxant before radiography of GI indicated with

A

Exogenous glucagon

28
Q

Hypoglycemia, Rash, diarrhea, nausea, and dizziness are ADRs of

A

Meglitinides

29
Q

Nausea is the only ADR of

A

Pramlintide

30
Q

Hypoglycemia nausea vomitting diarrhea nervousness , dizziness and HEADACHE are ADRs of

A

GLP-1 analogues (“EL)

31
Q

Rash, nausea, vomitting, are ADRS of

A

Glucagon

32
Q

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, elvated serum AMINOTRANSFERASE levels, elevated plasma TGs are ADRs of

A

Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors

33
Q

Diarrhea, flatulence , nausea, vomiting , COBALAMIN DEF. and LACTIC ACIDOSIS are ADRs of

A

Metformin

34
Q

ADRs of Exog. Insulin

A

lipodystrophy , injection site rxn, hypoglycemia

35
Q

unique ADRs for DPP4 inhibitors (2)

A

mild increase in serum creatinin level and nasopharyngitis

36
Q

ADRs of TZD or Diazoxide ? fluid retention, DKA, hypernatremia

A

Diazoxide

37
Q

ADRs of TZD or Diazoxide ? cholestatic hepatitis hepatoxicity, diabetic macular edema

A

TZD

38
Q

ADRs of TZD or Diazoxide ? angina hypotension, tachyarrhytmia, hirsutism

A

Diazoxide

39
Q

ADRs of TZD or Diazoxide ? hyperglycemia, dyspepsia, dizzines, glucosuria

A

Diazoxide

40
Q

ADRs of TZD or Diazoxide ? Edema , weight gain, increased HDL/LDL, decreased TG and FFA

A

TZD

41
Q

Binds to SUR1 subunit of K+/ATP channels in pancreatic beta-cells and stabilizes the ATP-bound (open) state of the channel so that the beta cells remain hyper polarized; this decreases insulin secretion by the cells.

A

Diazoxide