Pharm 30 Part I Flashcards
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (3)
acarbose, migitol, voglibose
Prandial Bolus Insulins (4)
“LAGeR” Insulin Lispro, Insulin aspart, Insulin glulisine, Regular Insulin
Basal “ long acting “ insulins (3)
NPH insulin, insulin glargine, Insulin detemir
First generation (4): Inhibit the beta-cell K+/ATP channel at the SUR1 subunit; thereby stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells and increasing circulating insulin to levels sufficient to overcome insulin resistance
TACT
- Tolbulamide, acetohexamide, chlorpropamide, tolazamide
Second generation (5): Inhibit the beta-cell K+/ATP channel at the SUR1 subunit; thereby stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells and increasing circulating insulin to levels sufficient to overcome insulin resistance
G’s
- Glimepiride, Glipizide, Glibenclamide, Gliclazide, Gliquidone
Inhibit the beta-cell K+/ATP channel at the SUR1 subunit; thereby stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells and increasing circulating insulin to levels sufficient to overcome insulin resistance (2)
Nateglinide, Repaglinide
Activates AMPK to block synthesis of fatty acids and to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis; increases insulin receptor activity and metabolic responsiveness in liver and skeletal muscle.
Metformin
Acts on receptors in the CNS to slow gastric emptying, reduce postprandial glucagon and glucose release, and promote satiety.
Pramlintide
Act on Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor to enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibit glucagon secretion, delay gastric emptying, and decrease appetite.
“El” Exenatide, Liraglutide
Prolongs GLP-1 activity to enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibit glucagon secretion, delay gastric emptying, and decrease appetite.
Sit-Sax (instead of the sitaur) Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin
Bind and stimulates the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma), thereby increasing insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle
Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone
- GLITAZONES
Inhibits GHRH release
Octreotide
MOA: Bind avidly to intestinal brush border alpha glucosidase enzymes, slowing breakdown and absorption of dietary carbohydrates such as dextrin, and disaccharides
alpha glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose, migitol, voglibose)
Contraindications Include cirrhosis, DKA, digestive problems, IBD, and Bowel obstruction
alpha-glucosidases
hypoglycemia is the sole CI for
Exogenous insulin
DKA is the sole CI for
Sulfonylureas