Pharm 15 - Seizure Flashcards

1
Q

Inhibit electrical neurotransmission by use-dependent block of neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel. Strong treatment of focal and secondary generalized seizures.

A

Sodium Channel Inhibitor Mechanism

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2
Q

Sodium Channel Inhibitor: slows the rate of recovery, increasing the threshold for firing. Targets channels that open and close at high frequencies. Major drug of choice for focal and tonic-clonic seizures. Affected by p450 drugs.

A

Phenytoin

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3
Q

Sodium Channel Inhibitor: slows the rate of recovery. Used for focal seizures because it suppresses seizure foci and prevents spread. Metabolism is linear so is good for potential drug interactions. Number one for focal seizures.

A

Carbamazapine

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4
Q

Sodium Channel Inhibitor: Can be used for focal, tonic-clonic, and absence seizures (after valproic acid and ethosuximide).

A

Lamotrigine

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5
Q

inhibit the low-threshold T-type calcium channel

A

Ethosuximide and valproic acid

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6
Q

inhibits the high-voltage-activated (HVA) calcium channel

A

Gabapentin

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7
Q

Inhibit the low-threshold T-Type Calcium Channel at high concentrations and slows Sodium channel recovery at low concentrations. It also inhibits the activity of enzymes that degrade GABA.

A

Valproic Acid

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8
Q

Inhibit the low-threshold T-Type Calcium Channel: First line for Absence Seizures and NOT effective for Focal or Tonic-Clonic Seizures.

A

Ethosuximide

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9
Q

Inhibits the high-voltage-activated (HVA) calcium channel which results in decreased neurotransmitter release.

A

Gabapentin

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10
Q

Potentiate GABA-mediated inhibition to increase chloride current through the channel

A

GABA CHANNEL POTENTIATOR Mechanism

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11
Q

Potentiate GABA-mediated inhibition to increase chloride current through the channel: Focal and tonic-clonic seizures.

A

Benzodiazepines and Barbituates

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12
Q

Potentiate GABA-mediated inhibition to increase chloride current through the channel: increases duration of Cl- channel opening. Used for focal and tonic-clonic seizures because it can make absence seizures worse.

A

Barbituate: Phenobarbital

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13
Q

prevents GABA mediated hyperpolarization of the thalamus and thereby indirectly inactivates the T-type Ca2+ channel.

A

Clonazepam

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14
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Diazepam
Lorazepam
Midazolam
Clonazepam:

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15
Q

Glutamate Receptor Inhibitor: inhibits glycine binding site of NMDA receptor-ionophore complex, resulting in suppression of seizure activity. Has a lack of sedative effects.

A

Felbamate

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16
Q

Inhibits the high-voltage-activated (HVA) calcium channel which decreases release of neurotransmitter. More potent than gabapentin. Used with focal seizures and those with hepatic dysfunction since it is metabolized in the kidney.

A

Pregabalin

17
Q

Inhibits the enzyme GABA transaminase, increasing GABA in the brain. Used for infantile spasms and refractory focal epilepsy.

A

Vigabatrin

18
Q

Treatment of focal seizures and drop attacks in Lenox-Gastaut syndrome (childhood onset seizures. Similar to Felbamate.

A

Rufanamide