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Hematology Oncology > Pharm 25 Objectives > Flashcards

Pharm 25 Objectives Flashcards

1
Q

What is the INDUCTION stage for cancer chemotherapy regimen?

A

Chemotherapy that is administered to eradicate the cancer cells

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2
Q

What is the POST-REMISSION or CONSOLIDATION stage for cancer chemotherapy regimen?

A

Eradicate any remaining disease, systemic therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplant, or radiation therapy

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3
Q

What is the MAINTENANCE stage for cancer chemotherapy regimen?

A

Administered after consolidation therapy to prevent recurrence.

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4
Q

How do you utilizing drugs at their optimal dose, schedule, and interval for chemotherapy?

A
  • Give the highest dose the patient can tolerate and still stay on schedule
  • Limit the treatment - free interval between cycles to the shortest possible time
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5
Q

What is the recommended/common dosing for chemotherapy?

A

It is recommendation is to use actual body weight, especially in curative setting
- if using actual body weight and goes over max dose, only give max dose!

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6
Q

What is the advantages of combination therapy?

A

Works by different MOA thereby decreases likelihood that resistant cancer cells will develop.

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7
Q

List oral (PO) administration of routes of chemotherapy drugs?

A

Tablet, capsule, solution, suspension

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8
Q

List injection administration of routes of chemotherapy drugs?

A
  • Intravenous (IV) - Slow push, short infusion, continuous infusion
  • Intramuscular (IM)
  • Intraperitonel (IP) - abdominal cancers
  • Intrathecal (IT) - CNS/Brain
  • Intravesical (IVC) - Bladder
  • Subcutaneous (SubQ)
  • Topical (TOP)
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9
Q

What is dose density?

A

Shorter interval between doses

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10
Q

What is dose intensity?

A

Increase dose administered to patient

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11
Q

How do you combat the mechanism of tumor cells?

A

Surgery, radiation, and pharmotherapy

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12
Q

How do you combat host toxicity?

A

Toxicity can occur if there is a delayed time between doses which can affect the time for bone marrow to recover so you can reduce that time and use colony stimulating factors to combat toxicity from occurring.

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13
Q

How to you combat the inability to suppress metastasis?

A

Use of proteasome inhibitors and other drugs to inhibit proteasome enzymes complexes that regulate the intracellular protein homeostasis it causes the cell to starve and die, ultimately preventing metastasis

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14
Q

What drugs are used for pre-treatment for chemotherapy induced n/v?

A

Lorazepam

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15
Q

What are the 5HT3 drugs are used to manage chemotherapy induced n/v?

A

Dolasetron, Granisetron, Odansetron, Palonosetron (last for 3 days)

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16
Q

What are the corticosteroids drugs are used to manage chemotherapy induced n/v?

A

Dexamethasone, Methylprednisolone, Prednisone

17
Q

What are the Substance P/Neurokinin 1 (NK1) antagonist drugs are used to manage chemotherapy induced n/v?

A

Aprepitant, Fosaprepitant (MC), Netupitant

18
Q

What are the miscellaneous drugs are used to manage chemotherapy induced n/v?

A
  • Prochlorperazine
  • Lorazepam
  • Metoclopramide
  • Dronabinol
  • Olanzapine
  • Famotidine
  • Meclizine
19
Q

What antiemetic regimens are used based on the chemotherapy regimen calculated emetogenicity for LOW emetic?

A

dexamethasone or prochlorperazine

20
Q

What antiemetic regimens are used based on the chemotherpay regimen calculated emetogenicity for MODERATE emetic?

A

5HT3 antagonist + steroid +/- NK1 antagonist

21
Q

What antiemetic regimens are used based on the chemotherpay regimen calculated emetogenicity for HIGH emetic?

A

5HT3 antagonist + steroid + NK1 antagonist

22
Q

Myelosuppression can lead to leukopenia and thrombocytopenia why is it important to check ANC prior to next dose and delay as needed?

A

If your ANC is low than you’ll need to still stay on schedule but you will need to lower the chemo dose and use a stimulating factor for protection.

23
Q

Dexrazoxane is used to limit specific organ system toxicities by?

A

Preventing anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity;

24
Q

Mesna is used to limit specific organ system toxicities by?

A

Binds to acrolein to prevent cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, increase fluids and give diuretics for cisplatin-induced renal toxicity

25
Q

Cytotoxic agents: cell cycle-specific classification?

A

Drugs that interact during a specific phase of the cell cycle, including: DNA synthesis inhibitors and mitotic inhibitors

26
Q

Cytotoxic agents: cell cycle-nonspecific classification?

A

Drugs that are active throughout the cell cycle such as: DNA alkylating agents and most DNA intercalating agents.

27
Q

Protein (Tyrosine) Kinase Inhibitors MOA?

A

inhibit various kinases that phosphorylate tyrosine, thereby impeding pathways promoting malignant cell transformation and proliferation

28
Q

Monoclonal Antibodies MOA?

A

The fragment antigen binding portion of an antibody binds to a specific antigen on a particular type of cancer cell, leading to disruption of an essential cancer cell process.
- They are given IV and are prone to cause immune system toxicities

29
Q

Rituximab is used to treat?

A

Used to treat relapsed or refractory B-cell, non-Hodgkin lymphoma

30
Q

Trastuzumab is used to treat?

A

Metastatic breast cancer of women whose cancer cells overexpress HER2/neu. It has cardiotoxic effects whose long-term consequences are unknown.

31
Q

Cetuximab is used to treat?

A

Colorectal cancer in combination with Irinotecan. Also used for head and neck cancer in combination with radiation therapy.

32
Q

Cetuximab MOA?

A

As a monoclonal antibody, it binds the epidermal growth factor receptor to block the unrestricted cell growth

33
Q

Bevacizumab MOA?

A

A humanized antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that prevents binding of VEGF to receptors on endothelial cells thereby inhibits the formation of new blood vessels.

34
Q

Bevacizumab is used to treat?

A

Metastatic colon cancer and non-small cell lung cancer.

35
Q

What is the general role of hormones and their antagonist?

A

these agents block the hormone or prevent its synthesis.

36
Q

What is the general role of cellular immunotherapy?

A

Utilizing the body’s own T-Cells to attack cancer cells.

37
Q

What is a new cancer therapy?

A

CAR-T cell therapy

- immunotherapy that uses your own altered T cells to recognize and kill tumor cells

Hematology Oncology (9 decks)

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