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Hematology Oncology > Blood Transfusion > Flashcards

Blood Transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

Type AB individuals are?

A

Universal recipients

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2
Q

Type O individuals are?

A

Universal dOnors

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3
Q

Absence of D antigen means?

A

Rh negative

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4
Q

Type A produce what antibodies?

A

B antibodies

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5
Q

Type B produce what antibodies?

A

A antibodies

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6
Q

What fluid is use for blood product transfusion?

A

Normal saline ONLY

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7
Q

What is the clinical response for packed red blood cells (PRBC)?

A

Increased hemoglobin 1g/dL and hematocrit by 3%

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8
Q

What does fresh frozen plasma contain?

A

Coagulation factors and plasma proteins, good for correcting coagulopathies.

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9
Q

What does cryoprecipitate do?

A

Provides a source of fibrinogen, factor VIII, and von Willibrand factor.

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10
Q

Pts with high titer antibodies to specific agents or antigens provide what?

A

Hyperimmune globulins

  • Anti-D (RhoGAM, WinRho)
  • Antisera (HBV, smallpox)
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11
Q

What is the MCC of acute hemolytic rxn?

A

Human error- ABO incompatibility

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12
Q

What is the most dangerous acute transfusion reaction?

A

Acute hemolytic rxn

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13
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of acute hemolytic rxn?

A

Fever/chills

HA

N/V

LBP

Tachy/HypoTN

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14
Q

What is the management of acute hemolytic rxn?

A

STOP transfusion

Check ppw for clerical errors

Send donor bag back to blood bank for culture.

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15
Q

What is the MC sxs of febrile non-hemolytic rxn?

A

Fever and chills occurring soon after initiation of transfusion

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16
Q

What is the management of febrile non-hemolytic rxn?

A

STOP transfusion

17
Q

S/sx of allergic rx/anaphylaxis?

A

Pruritus/Urticaria (MC-mild sxs)

Bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, hypoTN (severe sxs)

18
Q

What is the management of allergic rx/anaphylaxis?

A

STOP transfusion and give antihistamine

Give epi if severe

19
Q

What is the pathology of transfusion-related acute lung injury?

A

Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema

20
Q

What is the management of transfusion-related acute lung injury?

A

STOP transfusion

O2

21
Q

How do you prevent hypervolemia?

A

Slow transfusion, transfuse 1 unit over 4 hrs and coadminister of diuretic

22
Q

S/sx of sepsis from bacterial contamination of stored blood?

A

High fevers, rigors, and manifestations of shock

23
Q

What is the management of sepsis?

A

STOP transfusion

Broad spec antibiotics (gram + and - coverage)

24
Q

What is the MC complications following massive transfusions?

A

Bleeding - related to platelet and coag factor deficiencies

25
Q

What is transfusion related graft vs host disease?

A

Donor lymphocytes recognize the immunocompromised recipient as foreign and targeted for destruction
- occurs 4-10 days post-transfusion

26
Q

What is the ratio risk of HIV 1/2 disease transmission?

A

1 in every 2,300,000

27
Q

What is the ratio risk of Hep B disease transmission?

A

1 in every 220,000

28
Q

What is the ratio risk of Hep C disease transmission?

A

1 in every 1,800,000

29
Q

What are the 2 diagnostic test for acute hemolytic rxn?

A

Hemoglobinuria

Hemoglobinemia

30
Q

Indication for whole blood use?

A

Acute hemorrhage >25%

Hematology Oncology (9 decks)

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