Blood Transfusion Flashcards
Type AB individuals are?
Universal recipients
Type O individuals are?
Universal dOnors
Absence of D antigen means?
Rh negative
Type A produce what antibodies?
B antibodies
Type B produce what antibodies?
A antibodies
What fluid is use for blood product transfusion?
Normal saline ONLY
What is the clinical response for packed red blood cells (PRBC)?
Increased hemoglobin 1g/dL and hematocrit by 3%
What does fresh frozen plasma contain?
Coagulation factors and plasma proteins, good for correcting coagulopathies.
What does cryoprecipitate do?
Provides a source of fibrinogen, factor VIII, and von Willibrand factor.
Pts with high titer antibodies to specific agents or antigens provide what?
Hyperimmune globulins
- Anti-D (RhoGAM, WinRho)
- Antisera (HBV, smallpox)
What is the MCC of acute hemolytic rxn?
Human error- ABO incompatibility
What is the most dangerous acute transfusion reaction?
Acute hemolytic rxn
What are some clinical manifestations of acute hemolytic rxn?
Fever/chills
HA
N/V
LBP
Tachy/HypoTN
What is the management of acute hemolytic rxn?
STOP transfusion
Check ppw for clerical errors
Send donor bag back to blood bank for culture.
What is the MC sxs of febrile non-hemolytic rxn?
Fever and chills occurring soon after initiation of transfusion
What is the management of febrile non-hemolytic rxn?
STOP transfusion
S/sx of allergic rx/anaphylaxis?
Pruritus/Urticaria (MC-mild sxs)
Bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, hypoTN (severe sxs)
What is the management of allergic rx/anaphylaxis?
STOP transfusion and give antihistamine
Give epi if severe
What is the pathology of transfusion-related acute lung injury?
Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
What is the management of transfusion-related acute lung injury?
STOP transfusion
O2
How do you prevent hypervolemia?
Slow transfusion, transfuse 1 unit over 4 hrs and coadminister of diuretic
S/sx of sepsis from bacterial contamination of stored blood?
High fevers, rigors, and manifestations of shock
What is the management of sepsis?
STOP transfusion
Broad spec antibiotics (gram + and - coverage)
What is the MC complications following massive transfusions?
Bleeding - related to platelet and coag factor deficiencies
What is transfusion related graft vs host disease?
Donor lymphocytes recognize the immunocompromised recipient as foreign and targeted for destruction
- occurs 4-10 days post-transfusion
What is the ratio risk of HIV 1/2 disease transmission?
1 in every 2,300,000
What is the ratio risk of Hep B disease transmission?
1 in every 220,000
What is the ratio risk of Hep C disease transmission?
1 in every 1,800,000
What are the 2 diagnostic test for acute hemolytic rxn?
Hemoglobinuria
Hemoglobinemia
Indication for whole blood use?
Acute hemorrhage >25%
