Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hematology Oncology > Anemias > Flashcards

Anemias Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MC anemia worldwide?

A

Iron Deficincy Anemia (microcytic anemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chronic blood loss is the MCC of what?

A

IDA in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the MC source of chronic blood loss?

A

Menstrual loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 2 clinical features of microcytic IDA?

A
  • Pica- ice chips

- Koilonchia (spoon nails)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most reliable test to diagnose microcytic IDA?

A

Serum Ferritin (low)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the gold standard test to diagnose microcytic IDA but rarely done?

A

Bone marrow biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tx for microcytic IDA?

A

Oral iron replacement (ferrous sulfate)

- a trial should be given to menstruating females.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Beta-Thalassemia Major predominantly in what population?

A

Mediterranean population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 2 clinical manifestations of microcytic Beta-Thalassemia Major?

A
  • Severe anemia (microcytic hypochromic)

- Skull x-ray demonstrates “crew-cut” fuzzy appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What lab test would you find to be elevated in a pt with microcytic Beta-Thalassemia Major?

A

Hgb Electrophoresis: Hgb F and Hgb A2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What cells would be seen in a peripheral smear in a pt with microcytic Beta-Thalassemia Major?

A

Target cells

  • Dacrocytes (teardrop cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a general characteristic of normocytic Aplastic Anemia?

A

Massive bone marrow failure - results in pancytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What procedure is done to provide a definitive diagnosis of normocytic Aplastic Anemia?

A

Bone marrow bx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vitamin B12 is bound to what?

A

An intrinsic factor so it can be absorbed by the terminal ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MCC of macrocytic Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia?

A

Pernicious anemia

  • lack intrinsic factor
  • MCC in western hemisphere
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What disease causes microcytic Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia?

A

Crohn Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What clinical feature is present in microcytic Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia and not in Folate Deficiencies?

A

Neuropathy

18
Q

What causes hemolytic Sickle Cell Anemia?

A
  • Autosomal recessive disorder (requires 2 genes from 2 carries)
  • under hypoxic conditions the hbg molecule polymerize causing RBC to sickle
19
Q

Hemolytic sickle Cell Anemia is MC in what descent?

A

African descent (1 in 12)

20
Q

A pt with hemolytic Sickle Cell Anemia can experience aplastic crises, how is that provoked?

A
  • Provoked by a viral infection (human parvovirus B19)
21
Q

Normocytic Aplastic crises reduced the ability of what?

A
  • Reduces the ability of bone marrow to compensate
22
Q

What is the MC clinical manifestation secondary to vaso-occlusion in pts with hemolytic Sickle Cell Anemia?

A

Painful crises involving the bones

  • osseous infarction leading to severe pain.
  • last up to 1 wk
23
Q

What is the FIRST manifestation secondary to vaso-occlusion in pts with hemolytic Sickle Cell Anemia?

A

Hand-foot syndrome (dactylitis)

24
Q

Hand-foot syndrome (dactylitis) is what?

A

Painful swelling of the dorsal aspect of hands and feet, results from avascular necrosis of metacarpal and metatarsal bones.

25
Q

What diagnostic tests are used to dx a pt with hemolytic Sickle Cell Anemia?

A
  • CBC showing anemia (MC finding)
  • Peripheral smear showing sickle-shaped RBCs
  • Hgb Electrophoresis- required to diagnose
26
Q

What is a tx for hemolytic Sickle Cell Anemia?

A
  • Hydroxyurea
27
Q

What is hemolytic Hereditary Spherocytosis?

A

Autosomal dominant inheritance, loss of RBC membrane surface area (loss of biconcave) w/o decreased RBC volume which forces the spherical shape.

28
Q

Diagnostic test and tx for hemolytic Hereditary Spherocytosis?

A
  • Splenectomy - tx of choice
  • RBC osmotic fragility - test the ability of RBCs to swell
  • Direct Coombs test - will be negative
29
Q

What are some general characteristics of hemolytic G6PD Deficiency?

A
  • An X-linked recessive disorder that primarily affects men

- Protects against malaria

30
Q

What is known to precipitant hemolytic G6PD Deficiency?

A
  • Antibiotics: Sulfonamides and Nitrofurantoin

- Fava beans

31
Q

What is some diagnostic test for hemolytic G6PD Deficiency?

A
  • Deficient NADPH formation of G6PD levels

- Measurement of G6PD levels is diagnostic

32
Q

What are some general characteristics of Autoimmune Hemolica Anemia?

A

RBC destruction

33
Q

What are the clinical features of Autoimmune Hemolica Anemia: WARM AIHA?

A
  • Leads to extravascular hemolysis, the primary site of RBC entrapment is in the spleen
  • More common than cold
34
Q

What are the clinical features of Autoimmune Hemolica Anemia: COLD AIHA?

A

Produces complement activation and intravascular hemolysis, the primary site of RBC sequestration is the liver

35
Q

What diagnostic test is done for Autoimmune Hemolica Anemia: WARM and COLD AIHA?

A

Direct Coombs test = positive

36
Q

Tx for Autoimmune Hemolica Anemia: WARM AIHA?

A

Glucocorticoids

37
Q

Tx for Autoimmune Hemolica Anemia: COLD AIHA?

A

Avoid exposure to the cold - helps prevent attacks of hemolysis and subsequent anemia

38
Q

Hemolytic Sickle cell anemia may cause Priapism what is the tx?

A

Terbutaline - helps w/ vasocontriction

39
Q

What test do you order if MCV is >100?

A

B12, folate, and review RDW

40
Q

What test do you order if MCV is <80?

A

Iron studies and review RDW

41
Q

A lead line along the epicondyle dic seen on an XR is d/t what?

A

Sideroblastic anemia

Hematology Oncology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions