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Pharmacology NPLEX2 > Pharm 2 - Extra Cards for Final > Flashcards

Pharm 2 - Extra Cards for Final Flashcards

1
Q

In what class of drugs is Tetrahydrozoline/Visine?

A

Ocular astringent, redness reliever

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2
Q

What is the MOA of Tetrahydrozoline/Visine?

A

Vasoconstriction

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3
Q

Name the Ocular Antihistamine drug.

A

Azelastine/Optivar

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4
Q

What is the MOA of Azelastine/Optivar?

A

Blocks H1 receptor sites

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5
Q

In what class of drugs is Ketorolac/Acular?

A

Ocular NSAID

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6
Q

What is the MOA of Ketorolac/Acular?

A

COX inhibitor

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7
Q

T/F. The use of ocular NSAIDS has increased risk for development of cataracts and drug induced glaucoma

A

False

These risks are associated with ocular steroids

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8
Q

What is the MOA of Bacitracin-Polymyxin B/Polysporin Ophthalmic?

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

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9
Q

Name the antiviral drug specifically used for HSV keratoconjunctivitis.

A

Vidarabine/Ara-A

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10
Q

What is the MOA for Vidarabine/Ara-A?

A

Inhibits viral DNA synthesis

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11
Q

What is the MOA of Timolol/Timoptic?

A

Blocks the ocular effects of epinephrine which serve to reduce the production of the aqueous humor.

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12
Q

When is Timolol/Timoptic used and in what class is it found?

A

Glaucoma

Ocular Beta-adrenergic antagonist

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13
Q

Which drug has SE (when absorbed systemically) that include worsening of asthma or emphysema, low blood pressure, fatigue, impotence?

A

Timolol/Timoptic

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14
Q

Latanoprost/Xalantan is a selective prostaglandin receptor _________ (agonist/antagonist).

A

Agonist

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15
Q

This drug may cause heterochromia, lengthening, thickening and darkening of the eyelashes.

A

Latanoprost/Xalantan

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16
Q

What is the MOA of Latanoprost/Xalantan?

A

binds to prostaglandin receptor leading to improved aqueous humor outflow and reducing intraocular pressure.

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17
Q

What immunosuppressive drug is used in the eye in low doses as a wetting agent?

A

Cyclosporine

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18
Q

What is the MOA of Cyclosporine as a wetting agent?

A

T-cell inhibition reduces inflammation, allowing for an increase in tear production.

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19
Q

What factors may increase topical drug penetration?

A

Decreased drug molecule size
Increased lipid content
Increased drug concentration within topical agent
Decreased skin integrity

20
Q

In what class of drugs is Polymyxin B - Neomycin - Bacitracin/Neosporin?

A

Topical antimicrobial

21
Q

What is the MOA of Polymyxin B-Neomycin-Bacitracin/Neosporin?

A

Bacteriacidal.
Polymyxin disrupts bacterial cell membrane.
Bacitracin disrupts bacterial cell wall.
(No mention of neomycin MOA)

22
Q

T/F. Polymyxin B-Neomycin-Bacitracin/Neosporin is safe to use as an otic solution when there is a perforated TM.

A

False. Polymyxin B-Neomycin-Bacitracin/Neosporin as an otic solution should be avoided with perforated TM due to ototoxicity of Neomycin.

23
Q

Which topical agent is typically used for impetigo and other skin infections caused by bacteria, especially Staph and Strep?

A

Mupirocin/Bactroban

24
Q

What is the MOA of Mupirocin/Bactroban?

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

25
Q

Which topical antibiotic may be used in combination with oral or IV antibiotics to treat MRSA?

A

Mupirocin/Bactroban

26
Q

In what class of drugs is Ketoconazole/Nizarol, and what conditions might it treat?

A

Topical antifungal
Tx for superficial fungal infxns such as tinea pedis, tines cruris, tinea corporis (ringworm), superficial yeast infxns, and seborrheic dermatitis.

27
Q

What is the MOA of Ketoconazole/Nizarol?

A

Inhibits sterol synthesis

28
Q

How many (numbered) classes of topical glucocorticoids are there? Which is the most potent?

A

7 different classes, numbered 1-7
Class 1 is most potent
Class 7 is least potent

29
Q

T/F. Halogenated corticosteroids are generally the most potent topical steroids.

A

True

30
Q

T/F. Halogenated corticosteroids are awesome to use on the face.

A

False. Perioral dermatitis and rosacea may occur upon discontinuation.

31
Q

What is the class and MOA of Hydrocortisone?

A

Class: Glucocorticoid/corticosteroid
MOA: Anti-inflammatory. Affects gene transcription.

32
Q

What are some indications for topical steroid use?

A

Atopic dermatitis
Contact/allergic dermatitis
Psoriasis
Other autoimmune dz with skin involvement like bullous pemphigus, SLE, sarcoidosis

33
Q

What are some potential side effects of topical steroids? Are they absorbed systemically through the skin?

A

Local: skin atrophy and striae, telengectasias, purpura, acneform lesions, overgrowth of fungus and bacteria.
Yes, they are absorbed systemically. Possible systemic effects: suppression of HPA axis, increased risk for hyperglycemia, osteoporosis and osteonecrosis.

34
Q

What are retinoids, and what do they modify?

A

Natural compounds and synthetic derivatives of retinol that exhibit vitamin A activity.
Modify cellular proliferation and differentiation, immune fxn, inflammation, sebum production.

35
Q

What are some diseases that are responsive to retinoids?

A 
Cystic and papular acne
Basal and squamous cell cancers
Actinic keratosis
Psoriasis
Cutaneous aging
36
Q

In what class of drugs is Tretinoin/Retin A?

A

Vitamin A derivative

37
Q

What is the MOA of Tretinoin/Retin A?

A

Reduction of hyperkeratinization (which causes clogged pores - initial lesion in acne). Also increases epidermal thickness and dermal collagen synthesis.

38
Q

What are some side effects of Tretinoin/Retin A?

A

Erythema, peeling, burning, stinging, photosensitivity.

39
Q

In what class of drugs is Isoretinoin/Accutane?

A

Vitamin A derivative

40
Q

What is the MOA of Isoretinoin/Accutane?

A

Reduction of hyperkeratinization, reduction of sebaceous gland number and sebum production, reduction of Propionibacterium acnes.

41
Q

What pregnancy category is Isoretinoin/Accutane?

A

Category X

Teratogen!

42
Q

What symptoms are included in the package insert warning for Isoretinoin/Accutane?

A

Depression, psychosis, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide.

43
Q

Phototherapy vs. photochemotherapy

A

Phototherapy: Use of electromagnetic non-ionizing radiation (usually UVA and UVB) as a therapeutic agent.
Photochemotherapy: Phototherapy with the inclusion of a chemical agent such as Psoralen.

44
Q

What does “PUVA” stand for and what is the MOA?

A

PUVA = “Psoralen and UltraViolet A.” Patient is first given Psoralen and then exposed to UVA light.
MOA not fully understood. Evidence that the therapy induces an anti-inflammatory effect through immunosuppression and inhibition of DNA synthesis.

45
Q

What is PUVA therapy used for?

A

Treatment of psoriasis.

Has also been proven effective for tx of vitiligo by stimulating melanocyte proliferation.
May also be used for T-cell lymphoma, alopecia areata, and urticaria pigmentosa.

46
Q

What are the side effects of PUVA?

A

Acute: nausea, painful erythema, blistering.
Long-term: Increased risk of skin cancer.
Chronic: Advanced skin aging, actinic keratosis.

Pharmacology NPLEX2 (8 decks)

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