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Pharmacology NPLEX2 > Pharm 1 - Exam 3 > Flashcards

Pharm 1 - Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which three anti-fungals target ergosterol in the cell membrane of fungi and protozoa?

A

Clotrimazole/Lotrimin
Nystatin/Mycostatin
Amphotericin B/Amphocil

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2
Q

Name two topical anti-fungals that could be used to treat tinea and other superficial skin infections.

A

Clotrimazole/Lotrimin

Terbinafine/Lamisil

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3
Q

What class of drugs often has an -azole ending?

A

anti-fungals

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4
Q

What is the current drug of choice for the treatment of onychomycosis of toenail or fingernail?

A

Terbinafine/Lamisil

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5
Q

What labs should be monitored when using Terbinafine/Lamisil orally?

A

Liver fx

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6
Q

This is the drug of choice for yeast infections, systemic mycoses, cryptococcous, and histoplasmosis.

A

Fluconazole/Diflucan

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7
Q

This drug has side effects that may be improved by pre-medication treatment with NSAIDs, prednisone or benedryl.

A

Amphotericin B/Amphocil

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8
Q

This drug is often reserved for severe systemic fungal infections because of its “shake and bake” side effects.

A

Amphotericin B/Amphocil AKA Ampho-terrible

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9
Q

What is the drug combination used to treat tuberculosis?

A 
RIPE:
Rifampin
Isoniazid (INH)/Nitrazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol/Myambutol
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10
Q

Which drug, used to treat tuberculosis, inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acid in the cell wall and is known for causing paresthesias?

A

INH/Nitrazid

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11
Q

This drug, used to treat TB, is known to induce pyridoxine deficiency and therefore B6 must be a part of the protocol.

A

INH/Nitrazid

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12
Q

This drug is used to treat Influenza A and B but must be given within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms?

A

Oseltamivir/Tamiflu (oral)

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13
Q

Which drug is given as an oral inhaler to treat influenza?

A

Zanamivir/Relenza

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14
Q

Which drug is used to treat influenza as well as Parkinson’s disease (short-term)?

A

Amantadine/Symmetrel

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15
Q

What influenza drug is known to have bronchospasm as a side effect?

A

Zanamivir/Relenza

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16
Q

What is the MOA for the influenza drugs?

A

Inhibits neuramidase, which prevents viral budding

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17
Q

This drug is used to treat active herpes infection.

A

Acyclovir/Zovirax

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18
Q

This drug is a guanosine analog that is incorporated into the viral DNA - inhibits replication

A

Acyclovir/Zovirax

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19
Q

What are the 4 kinds of HIV drugs?

A

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Protease Inhibitors
Fusion Inhibitors
Integrase Inhibitors

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20
Q

What does HAART stand for?

A

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

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21
Q

What makes up HAART treatment?

A

A combination of at least 3 HIV drugs

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22
Q

Name the reverse transcriptase drug.

A

Zidovudine (AZT)/Retrovir

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23
Q

Name the protease inhibitor drug.

A

Saquinavir/Invirase

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24
Q

This HIV drug is a pyrimidine analog.

A

Zidovudine (AZT)/Retrovir

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25
Q

What is alpha interferons used for?

A

Hep C

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26
Q

What are beta interferons used for?

A

Relapsing MS

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27
Q

What are gamma interferons used for?

A

Granulomatous disease

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28
Q

What is added to pegylated IFN alpha to make it last longer in the body?

A

polyethylene glycol

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29
Q

When treating Hep C, which drug often accompanies pegylated IFN alpha?

A

Ribavirin

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30
Q

Which 4 vaccines are killed virus?

A

Polio
Rabies
Hep A
Influenza (TIV/injected)

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31
Q

What 2 vaccines are recombinant protein?

A

Hep B

HPV - Gardisil/Cervarix

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32
Q

What is the recommended population to receive LAIV/FluMist?

A

healthy individuals from 2yo-49yo.

Not for pregnant or immunocompromised pts.

33
Q

What HPV serotypes are covered by Gardisil v. Cervarix?

A

Gardisil: 6, 11, 16, 18
Cervarix: 16, 18

34
Q

T/F. DTAP vaccine contains part of the tetanus organism.

A

False. It contains a toxoid antigen.

35
Q

In patients with sickle cell anemia, asplenia or nephrotic syndrome, which vaccine is imperative?

A

pneumovax

36
Q

Which two vaccines are conjugate?

A

Hib and meningococcal

37
Q

Which vaccine formate is most likely to produce an adequate immune response?

A

Live attenuated

38
Q

Patients older than sixty start to have a marked decline in titers of what organism.

A

pneumococcus

39
Q

This stool softener works as an anionic surfactant (helps lubricate stool).

A

Docusate/Colace

40
Q

This stool softener works as an osmotic agent to draw water into the GI tract.

A

magnesium hydroxide/milk of magnesia

41
Q

This drug is a stimulant/irritant laxative.

A

Bisacodyl/Dulcolax

42
Q

This drug is an antidiarrheal that acts as an opioid receptor agonist.

A

Loperamide/Imodium

43
Q

This class of drugs is generally contraindicated in patients with bacterial or parasitic infections with fever.

A

antidiarrheal

44
Q

This antiemetic is and H1 blocker

A

Meclizine/Antivert

45
Q

Metoclopramide/Reglan is a dopamine 2 ________ (agonist/antagonist) and mixed serotonin 3 _________/serotonin 4 _________ and is particularly indicated in diabetic gastroparesis.

A

antagonist, antagonist, agonist

46
Q

This drug is indicated in sever nausea and is commonly given prior to chemotherapy treatments.

A

Ondansetron/Zofran

47
Q

What agent will inactivate the emetic effect of Syrup of Ipecac?

A

Charcoal

48
Q

What is the triple therapy used for PUD/H. pylori infection?

A

PPI, 20mg BID
amoxicillin, 1g BID
clarithromycin, 500mg BID
7-14 days

49
Q

This drug is a H2 receptor agonist used to treat gastritis, PUD and GERD.

A

Ranitidine/Zantac

50
Q

What do H2 receptor agonist and proton pump inhibitors put people at risk for?

A

GI infections d/t lowered stomach acid.

PPIs are most likely to increase incidence

51
Q

This drug is a proton pump inhibitor

A

Omeprazole/Prilosec

52
Q

This class of drugs works by inhibiting the H+/K+ ATP-ase pump of parietal cells, which reduces acid secretion

A

Proton pump inhibitors

53
Q

What other kind of medication should be taken away from PPIs?

A

Thyroid medication

54
Q

What is the difference between OTC and prescription Omeprazole/Prilosec?

A

OTC is half the dose of the prescription.

55
Q

Of the drugs to treat gastritis, GERD and PUD, which is the most potent?

A

Omeprazole/Prilosec

56
Q

What is the difference between Omeprazole/Prilosec and Esomeprazole/Nexium?

A

The molecules are mirror images and the pills are different colors. Otherwise, they are they function exactly the same.

57
Q

What class of drugs might be substituted for the PPI in the triple therapy used to treat H. pylori/PUD?

A

Bismuth subsalicylate

58
Q

This aminosalicylate is more effective in treating UC as opposed to Crohn’s disease.

A

5-Aminosalicylic Acid (5-ASA)/Mesalamine

59
Q

What is the difference between Aspirin and 5-ASA?

A

5-ASA is a pro-drug that is converted to acetylsalicylic acid by gut bacteria.

60
Q

Do antibiotics benefit Crohn’s or UC patients more?

A

Crohn’s

61
Q

What are the two most commonly used antibiotics for Crohn’s disease?

A

Metronidazole/Flagyl

Cirpofloxacin/Ciprofloxin

62
Q

Name this antibiotic:
Side effect is N/V
Alcohol should be avoided when taking

A

Metronidazole/Flagyl

63
Q

Name this antibiotic:
Has an affinity for Ca so should be avoided by pregnant/lactating women and children.
Has risk for tendon rupture

A

Ciprofloxacin/Ciprofloxin

64
Q

This drug is indicated for traveler’s diarrhea and hepatic encephalopathy

A

Rifamixin/Ixifaxin

65
Q

This drug’s site of action is in the ileum and ascending colon and is indicated in mild-moderate Crohn’s disease.

A

Budenoside/Entocort

66
Q

These two drugs are immunomodulators indicated in IBD, RA, and other AI diseases that increases a pts risk of infection.

A

Azithorprine/Immuran

Infliximib/Remicade

67
Q

This drug is an human monoclonal antibody against TNF alpha.

A

Infliximib/Remicade

68
Q

This drug significantly increases a person’s risk of T-cell lymphoma and drug induced lupus

A

Infliximib/Remicade

69
Q

This drug is an alpha 1 antagonist used in the treatment of BPH.

A

Tamsulosin/Flomax

70
Q

This drug is a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor that blocks the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone..

A

Finasteride/Proscar

71
Q

This drug is Category X and pregnant women should not even handle the crushed/broken tablets.

A

Finasteride/Proscar

72
Q

This drug is typically used for BPH but in lower doses can be used for alopecia.

A

Finasteride/Proscar

73
Q

Which drug turns urine and tears orange.

A

Phenaxolpyridine/Pyridium

74
Q

T/F. Phenaxolpyridine/Pyridium has antibiotic action.

A

False. Only relieves pain and is primarily used short-term (~2 days)

75
Q

What is the CDC recommendation for the treatment of non-multi-drug resistant strains of TB?

A 
Isoniazid (INH)
Rifampin (RIF)
Ethambutol (EMB)
Pyrazinamide (PZA)
For 2 months
Continuation of INH and RIF for 4-7 months
76
Q

What is the CDC recommendation for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of TB?

A

SHREZ MC

Streptomycin, hydrazine, Rifampicin, ethambutol, pyraZinamide, moxifloxacin, cycloserine

77
Q

What drug and dosage would you give for a patient with genital/mucocutaneous HSV?

A

Acyclovir/Zovirax

initial: 400mg PO TID x 7-10 days
recurrence: 400mg PO TID TID x 5 days

78
Q

What drug and dosage would you give for a patient with Varicella Zoster?

A

Acyclovir/Zovirax

800mg PO 5x/day x 7 days

Pharmacology NPLEX2 (8 decks)

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