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Pharmacology NPLEX2 > Pharm 2 - Exam 2 > Flashcards

Pharm 2 - Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which two antidepressant drug classes should be considered for those with depression and insomnia?

A

TCA

Tetracyclic antidepressants

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2
Q

What is a serious side effect of MAOIs?

A

hypertensive emergencies

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3
Q

This class of antidepressants increases the likelihood of arrhythmias.

A

TCAs

Also TeCAs, though far less common than with TCAs.

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4
Q

Foods containing this amino acid should be avoided by those taking MAOIs.

A

Tyramine (require MAO to be broken down)

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5
Q

Name the Tetracyclic/SARI antidepressant.

A

Trazodone/Desyrel

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6
Q

What is the MOA of Trazodone/Desyrel?

A

Serotonin (partial) ANTAgonist and re-uptake inhibitor. (SARI)

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7
Q

In what class of drugs is Fluoxetine/Prozac?

A

SSRI

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8
Q

Name the SNRI drug.

A

Duloxetine/Cymbalta

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9
Q

Which drug is indicated for mild-moderate depression?

A

none

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10
Q

This anti-depression drug is also indicated for pain syndromes such as painful peripheral neuropathy and fibromyalgia.

A

Duloxetine/Cymbalta

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11
Q

Anti-depression drugs have the potential for increasing the risk of what in people with major depressive disorder?

A

suicide

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12
Q

In what class of anti-depression meds is Bupropion/Wellbutrin/Zyban?

A

Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRI) and nicotine receptor ANTAgonist

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13
Q

Why should barbiturates not be mixed with alcohol?

A

Can potentiate sedation and respiratory depression

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14
Q

T/F. Barbiturates and benzodiazepine receptor sites are the same location as GABA sites on the cell membrane of neurons in the CNS.

A

False. They appear to be adjacent to but NOT the same. The configuration of the GABA receptor site then changes (in response to the stimulation of the adjacent site) and the affinity for GABA of the GABA receptor site increases.

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15
Q

This long-acting barbiturate is the most widely used anticonvulsant worldwide.

A

Phenobarbital/Luminal

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16
Q

Name the short-acting barbiturate.

A

Pentobarbital/Nembutal

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17
Q

Name the intermediate-acting barbiturate.

A

Butalbital/Fiorinal

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18
Q

This short-acting benzodiazepine is used for sedation and anxiety prior to procedures. It also has amnestic properties.

A

Midazolam/Versed

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19
Q

What is the MOA for Diazepam/Valium?

A

Binds to benzodiazepine receptors in the CNS to enhance GABA activity

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20
Q

T/F. Zolpidem/Ambien and Eszopiclone/Lunesta use barbiturate and benzodiazepine receptors to enhance GABA activity.

A

False. Rather, benzodiazepine-like hypnotics bind to neither barbiturate and benzodiazepine receptors.

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21
Q

In what class of drugs is Ramelteon/Rozerem and how does it work?

A

Melatonin agonist

Mimics endogenous melatonin by binding to MT1 and MT2 receptor sites

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22
Q

Which drug can reverse the effects of benzodiazepine overdose?

A

Flumazenil/Romazicon

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23
Q

Tardive dyskinesia is a potential side effect for what class of drugs?

A

Neuroleptic antipsychotics

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24
Q

What symptoms are seen with neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

Catatonia, fluctuating blood pressure, dysarthria and fever

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25
Q

What is the treatment for neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

dopamine agonist such as Bromocriptine

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26
Q

In addition to anti-psycotic, what is another action of neuroleptic drugs?

A

anti-emetic, anti-nasuea

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27
Q

What are the major side effects of Chlorpromazine/Thorazine?

A

Parkinsonian symptoms

elevated prolactin

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28
Q

What is the class and MOA of both Chorpromazine/Thorazine and Prochlorperazine/Compazine?

A

typical neuroleptic

D2 receptor ANTAgonist, H1-histmaine receptor ANTagonist and alpha adrenergic receptor ANTagonist

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29
Q

What are the side effects of Prochlorperazine/Compazine?

A

anti-cholinergic: drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation, urinary hesitancy

30
Q

What is the class and MOA of Haloperidol/Haldol?

A

Typical Neuroleptic

D2 dopaminergic receptor blocker

31
Q

What is the class and MOA of both Olanzapine/Zyprexa and Clozapine/Clozaril?

A

Atypical Neuroleptic

Multiple receptor site blockade (D2 and 5HT2)

32
Q

What is the class and MOA of Respiradone/Risperdal?

A

Atypical Neuroleptic

Unknown MOA

33
Q

This drug is known to cause significant weight gain (ex. 50lbs in a month) hyperglycemia, diabetes, and stroke.

A

Respiradone/Risperdal

34
Q

This drug used to treat bipolar and manic episodes has a very narrow therapeutic index.

A

Lithium carbonate/Eskalith

35
Q

What are the potential side effects of Lithium carbonate?

A

Reduced response to ADH&raquo_space;> DI

Hypothyroidism (irreversible)

36
Q

Primidone/Mysoline is a pro-drug of what other drug?

A

Phenobarbital

37
Q

Which type of seizure is not an indication of Phenytoin/Dilantin?

A

absence seizures

38
Q

What are the main side effects to remember for Phenytoin/Dilantin?

A

Nystagmus

Gingival Hyperplasia

39
Q

These two drugs are used to treat seizures and neuropathic pain.

A

Carbamazepine/Tegretol

Gabapentin/Neurontin

40
Q

Name the drugs in the barbiturate anticonvulsant class.

A

Phenobarbital

Primidone

41
Q

Which three drugs may cause ginigival hyperplasia?

A

Phenytoin/Dilantin
Valproic acid/Depakote
Ethosuximide/Zerontin

42
Q

Name the benzodiazepine anticonvulsants.

A

Diazapam/Valium
Clonazepam/Klonopin
Lorazepam/Ativan

43
Q

Which two anticonvulsants reduce the Na and Ca channel currents across the neuron (MOA)?

A

Carbamazapine/Tegretol

Phenytoin/Dilantin

44
Q

What are the main side effects of Ethosuximide/Zerontin ?

A

gingival hyperplasia

lupus-like syndrome

45
Q

What is the MOA of Gabapentin/Neurontin?

A

potentiates GABA and affects N-type Calcium Channels

46
Q

Levadopa is a dopamine precursor that is transformed into dopamine by what enzyme?

A

dopadecarboxylase

47
Q

What are the chief side effects of L-dopa?

A

nausea, vomiting, anorexia

48
Q

What two receptor types are stimulated by Levodopa?

A

Dopamine receptors in the GI

chemotrigger receptor zone (CTZ) in the brain

49
Q

What kind of drug is combine with Levodopa to prevent it from being prematurely converted into dopamine in the adrenal glands or other peripheral tissues?

A

peripheral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor

50
Q

Name the dopamine precursor with a peripheral dopamine decarboxylase inhibitor.

A

L-dopa with Carbidopa/Sinemet

51
Q

Levadopa should never be combined with _____________ because the combination could lead to a hypertensive crisis.

A

MAO inhibitor

52
Q

Levodopa should not be given in conjunction with what type of antipsychotic agent?

A

dopamine blocking aka Atypical and Typical Neuroleptic

53
Q

t/f. Levodopa may cause a worsening of psychotic symptoms in patients with psychiatric conditions.

A

true

54
Q

Is it dopamine or L-dopa that crosses the BBB?

A

L-dopa

55
Q

MOA of L-dopa

A

increases dopamine levels in the brain, especially the substantia nigra

56
Q

What type of drug is often used early in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Dopamine agonists

57
Q

Name the dopamine agonist.

A

Bromocriptine/Parlodel

58
Q

What are the indications for Bromocriptine/Parlodel?

A

Parkinson’s disease
prolactin secreting adenomas
acromegaly

59
Q

MOA of Bromocriptine/Parlodel. Does it cross the BBB?

A

Mimics dopamine in stimulation of dopamine receptor sites.

Yes, it crosses the BBB

60
Q

What symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are Anticholinergics useful in treating?

A

tremor
drooling
cognitive symptoms

Not very useful for bradykinesia and rigidity

61
Q

Name the anticholinergic drug

A

Benzotropine/Cogentin

62
Q

This anticholinergic drug may be used to diminish the side effects of antipsychotic drugs.

A

Benztropine/Cogentin

63
Q

Benztropine/Congentin is an anticholinergic ____________ (agonist/antagonist)

A

antagonist

64
Q

What is the MOA of Amandatine/Symmetrel?

A

unknown

maybe related to antagonism of NMDA receptors

65
Q

This drug is anti-Parkinson’s and anti-viral

A

Amandatine/Symmetrel

66
Q

How long are patients typically on Amandatine before they start experiencing diminished response to the drug?

A

6 months or less

67
Q

List the Parkinson’s drugs in order of most to least effective.

A

L-dopa > Bromocriptine > Amantadine > anticholinergic

68
Q

What drugs should be used for focal/partial seizures?

A

Phenytoin/ Dilantin
Phenobarbital/ Phenobarb
Primidone/ Mysoline

69
Q

What drug should be used for absence seizures?

A

Ethosuxemide

70
Q

These drugs are indicated for tonic-clonic seizures.

A

Lamotrigine / Lamictal
Levetiracetam/ Keppra
Topiramate/ Topamax
Valproate/ Depakote

71
Q

These drugs should be used for status epilepticus.

A

via IV route:

Lorazepam/ Ativan
Diazepam/Valium
Phenytoin/ Dilantin
Ethosuximide/ Zarontin

Pharmacology NPLEX2 (8 decks)

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