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Pharmacology NPLEX2 > Pharm 2 - Exam 2 > Flashcards

Pharm 2 - Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which two antidepressant drug classes should be considered for those with depression and insomnia?

A

TCA

Tetracyclic antidepressants

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2
Q

What is a serious side effect of MAOIs?

A

hypertensive emergencies

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3
Q

This class of antidepressants increases the likelihood of arrhythmias.

A

TCAs

Also TeCAs, though far less common than with TCAs.

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4
Q

Foods containing this amino acid should be avoided by those taking MAOIs.

A

Tyramine (require MAO to be broken down)

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5
Q

Name the Tetracyclic/SARI antidepressant.

A

Trazodone/Desyrel

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6
Q

What is the MOA of Trazodone/Desyrel?

A

Serotonin (partial) ANTAgonist and re-uptake inhibitor. (SARI)

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7
Q

In what class of drugs is Fluoxetine/Prozac?

A

SSRI

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8
Q

Name the SNRI drug.

A

Duloxetine/Cymbalta

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9
Q

Which drug is indicated for mild-moderate depression?

A

none

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10
Q

This anti-depression drug is also indicated for pain syndromes such as painful peripheral neuropathy and fibromyalgia.

A

Duloxetine/Cymbalta

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11
Q

Anti-depression drugs have the potential for increasing the risk of what in people with major depressive disorder?

A

suicide

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12
Q

In what class of anti-depression meds is Bupropion/Wellbutrin/Zyban?

A

Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRI) and nicotine receptor ANTAgonist

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13
Q

Why should barbiturates not be mixed with alcohol?

A

Can potentiate sedation and respiratory depression

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14
Q

T/F. Barbiturates and benzodiazepine receptor sites are the same location as GABA sites on the cell membrane of neurons in the CNS.

A

False. They appear to be adjacent to but NOT the same. The configuration of the GABA receptor site then changes (in response to the stimulation of the adjacent site) and the affinity for GABA of the GABA receptor site increases.

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15
Q

This long-acting barbiturate is the most widely used anticonvulsant worldwide.

A

Phenobarbital/Luminal

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16
Q

Name the short-acting barbiturate.

A

Pentobarbital/Nembutal

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17
Q

Name the intermediate-acting barbiturate.

A

Butalbital/Fiorinal

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18
Q

This short-acting benzodiazepine is used for sedation and anxiety prior to procedures. It also has amnestic properties.

A

Midazolam/Versed

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19
Q

What is the MOA for Diazepam/Valium?

A

Binds to benzodiazepine receptors in the CNS to enhance GABA activity

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20
Q

T/F. Zolpidem/Ambien and Eszopiclone/Lunesta use barbiturate and benzodiazepine receptors to enhance GABA activity.

A

False. Rather, benzodiazepine-like hypnotics bind to neither barbiturate and benzodiazepine receptors.

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21
Q

In what class of drugs is Ramelteon/Rozerem and how does it work?

A

Melatonin agonist

Mimics endogenous melatonin by binding to MT1 and MT2 receptor sites

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22
Q

Which drug can reverse the effects of benzodiazepine overdose?

A

Flumazenil/Romazicon

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23
Q

Tardive dyskinesia is a potential side effect for what class of drugs?

A

Neuroleptic antipsychotics

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24
Q

What symptoms are seen with neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

Catatonia, fluctuating blood pressure, dysarthria and fever

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25
What is the treatment for neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
dopamine agonist such as Bromocriptine
26
In addition to anti-psycotic, what is another action of neuroleptic drugs?
anti-emetic, anti-nasuea
27
What are the major side effects of Chlorpromazine/Thorazine?
Parkinsonian symptoms | elevated prolactin
28
What is the class and MOA of both Chorpromazine/Thorazine and Prochlorperazine/Compazine?
typical neuroleptic | D2 receptor ANTAgonist, H1-histmaine receptor ANTagonist and alpha adrenergic receptor ANTagonist
29
What are the side effects of Prochlorperazine/Compazine?
anti-cholinergic: drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation, urinary hesitancy
30
What is the class and MOA of Haloperidol/Haldol?
Typical Neuroleptic | D2 dopaminergic receptor blocker
31
What is the class and MOA of both Olanzapine/Zyprexa and Clozapine/Clozaril?
Atypical Neuroleptic | Multiple receptor site blockade (D2 and 5HT2)
32
What is the class and MOA of Respiradone/Risperdal?
Atypical Neuroleptic | Unknown MOA
33
This drug is known to cause significant weight gain (ex. 50lbs in a month) hyperglycemia, diabetes, and stroke.
Respiradone/Risperdal
34
This drug used to treat bipolar and manic episodes has a very narrow therapeutic index.
Lithium carbonate/Eskalith
35
What are the potential side effects of Lithium carbonate?
Reduced response to ADH >>> DI | Hypothyroidism (irreversible)
36
Primidone/Mysoline is a pro-drug of what other drug?
Phenobarbital
37
Which type of seizure is not an indication of Phenytoin/Dilantin?
absence seizures
38
What are the main side effects to remember for Phenytoin/Dilantin?
Nystagmus | Gingival Hyperplasia
39
These two drugs are used to treat seizures and neuropathic pain.
Carbamazepine/Tegretol | Gabapentin/Neurontin
40
Name the drugs in the barbiturate anticonvulsant class.
Phenobarbital | Primidone
41
Which three drugs may cause ginigival hyperplasia?
Phenytoin/Dilantin Valproic acid/Depakote Ethosuximide/Zerontin
42
Name the benzodiazepine anticonvulsants.
Diazapam/Valium Clonazepam/Klonopin Lorazepam/Ativan
43
Which two anticonvulsants reduce the Na and Ca channel currents across the neuron (MOA)?
Carbamazapine/Tegretol | Phenytoin/Dilantin
44
What are the main side effects of Ethosuximide/Zerontin ?
gingival hyperplasia | lupus-like syndrome
45
What is the MOA of Gabapentin/Neurontin?
potentiates GABA and affects N-type Calcium Channels
46
Levadopa is a dopamine precursor that is transformed into dopamine by what enzyme?
dopadecarboxylase
47
What are the chief side effects of L-dopa?
nausea, vomiting, anorexia
48
What two receptor types are stimulated by Levodopa?
Dopamine receptors in the GI | chemotrigger receptor zone (CTZ) in the brain
49
What kind of drug is combine with Levodopa to prevent it from being prematurely converted into dopamine in the adrenal glands or other peripheral tissues?
peripheral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor
50
Name the dopamine precursor with a peripheral dopamine decarboxylase inhibitor.
L-dopa with Carbidopa/Sinemet
51
Levadopa should never be combined with _____________ because the combination could lead to a hypertensive crisis.
MAO inhibitor
52
Levodopa should not be given in conjunction with what type of antipsychotic agent?
dopamine blocking aka Atypical and Typical Neuroleptic
53
t/f. Levodopa may cause a worsening of psychotic symptoms in patients with psychiatric conditions.
true
54
Is it dopamine or L-dopa that crosses the BBB?
L-dopa
55
MOA of L-dopa
increases dopamine levels in the brain, especially the substantia nigra
56
What type of drug is often used early in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
Dopamine agonists
57
Name the dopamine agonist.
Bromocriptine/Parlodel
58
What are the indications for Bromocriptine/Parlodel?
Parkinson's disease prolactin secreting adenomas acromegaly
59
MOA of Bromocriptine/Parlodel. Does it cross the BBB?
Mimics dopamine in stimulation of dopamine receptor sites. | Yes, it crosses the BBB
60
What symptoms of Parkinson's disease are Anticholinergics useful in treating?
tremor drooling cognitive symptoms Not very useful for bradykinesia and rigidity
61
Name the anticholinergic drug
Benzotropine/Cogentin
62
This anticholinergic drug may be used to diminish the side effects of antipsychotic drugs.
Benztropine/Cogentin
63
Benztropine/Congentin is an anticholinergic ____________ (agonist/antagonist)
antagonist
64
What is the MOA of Amandatine/Symmetrel?
unknown | maybe related to antagonism of NMDA receptors
65
This drug is anti-Parkinson's and anti-viral
Amandatine/Symmetrel
66
How long are patients typically on Amandatine before they start experiencing diminished response to the drug?
6 months or less
67
List the Parkinson's drugs in order of most to least effective.
L-dopa > Bromocriptine > Amantadine > anticholinergic
68
What drugs should be used for focal/partial seizures?
Phenytoin/ Dilantin Phenobarbital/ Phenobarb Primidone/ Mysoline
69
What drug should be used for absence seizures?
Ethosuxemide
70
These drugs are indicated for tonic-clonic seizures.
Lamotrigine / Lamictal Levetiracetam/ Keppra Topiramate/ Topamax Valproate/ Depakote
71
These drugs should be used for status epilepticus.
via IV route: Lorazepam/ Ativan Diazepam/Valium Phenytoin/ Dilantin Ethosuximide/ Zarontin

Pharmacology NPLEX2 (8 decks)

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