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EBSE > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Michaelis menten constant (Km) =

A

[S] at 1/2 Vmax

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2
Q

Km relationship to affinity of enzyme for substrate

A

inverse - high affinity is low Km

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3
Q

Lineweaver-Burk plot - what does it show

A

reciprocal plot of Michaelis Menten curve (1/V vs 1/[S])

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4
Q

(non)competitive inhibitors - effects on efficacy vs potency

A

competitive dec potency

noncompetitive dec efficacy

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5
Q

volume of distribution eqn

A

= amt of drug in body / plasma drug conc

it is the amt of volume needed to contain the drug at the observed conc

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6
Q

how many half lives to reach steady state drug conc

A

4-5 half lives

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7
Q

eqn to calc half life

A

= 0.7 * Vd / Cl

Cl = clearance

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8
Q

eqns for loading and maintenance doses

A 
loading = Cp x Vd/F
maintenance = Cp x CL/F

F is bioavailability

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9
Q

3 drugs eliminated by zero order kinetics

A

phenytoin, ETOH, aspirin

PEA

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10
Q

phase 1 vs 2 of drug metabolism

A

1 - reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis by CYP450. Product still usually active. Geriatic pts lose this first

2 - conjugation (glucuronidation, acetylation, sulfation). product not usually active and ready to be excreted

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11
Q

G protein classes of SYNS, PSNS, DA, histamine, and vasopressin receptors

A 
QISS and QIQ till you're SIQ of SQS
alpha 1 - Q
alpha 2 - I
beta 1 - S
beta 2 - S
M1 - Q
M2 - I
M3 - Q
D1 - S
D2 - I
H1 - Q
H2 - S
V1 - Q
V2 - S
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12
Q

alpha 2 action

A

dec symp outflow
dec insulin release, lipolysis
inc platelet aggregation

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13
Q

M1 and M2 actions

A

M1 - CNS, enteric NS

M2 - dec HR and contractility

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14
Q

D1 vs D2 action

A

D1 - relax renal vascular smooth muscle

D2 - NT release, esp in brain

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15
Q

V1 vs V2 action

A

V1 - inc vascular smooth muscle contraction

V2 - ADH action in kidneys

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16
Q

bethanecol - mech use

A

direct cholinomimetic

used for ileus and urinary retention - bowel and bladder

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17
Q

carbachol - mech use

A

direct cholinomimetic

glaucoma, pupillary contraction, relief of IOP

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18
Q

pilocarpine - mech use

A

direct cholinomimetic

stimulates secrections, glaucoma

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19
Q

methacholine - mech use

A

direct cholinomimetic

challenge test for asthma dx

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20
Q

neostigmine - mech use

A

indirect cholinergic agonist

ileus, urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reversal of NMJ blockades

21
Q

pyridostigmine - mech use

A 
indirect cholinergic agonist
myasthenia gravis (long acting) - non CNS penetrating
22
Q

edrophonium - mech use

A

indirect cholinergic agonist

dx of myasthenia gravis (very short acting)

23
Q

physostigmine - mech use

A

indirect cholinergic agonist

anticholinergic toxicity - crosses BBB

24
Q

donepezil - mech use

A

indirect cholinergic agonist

Alzheimer’s dz

25
Q

cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning - sx and tx

A

DUMBBELSS
diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation of skeletal muscle & CNS, lacrimation, sweating, salivation

atropine + pralidoxime

26
Q

atropine, homatropine, and tropicamide - mech, use

A

muscarinic antagonists

eye - mydriasis, cyclopegia

27
Q

benztropine - mech use

A

muscarinic antagonist

Parkinson’s dz

28
Q

ipratropium, tiotropium - mech use

A

muscarinic antagonist

COPD, asthma

29
Q

oxybutynin - mech use

A

muscarinic antagonist

reduce urinary urgency and bladder spasms

30
Q

glycopyrrolate - mech use

A

muscarinic antagonist

reduce airway secretions preop

31
Q

receptors affected by epi, NE, and isoproterenol

A

epi - alpha 1, 2, beta 1, 2 (all strongly)
NE - alphas strongly, beta 1 weaker
isoproterenol - only betas

32
Q

order that DA affects receptors based on inc dose

A

low dose - D1
med dose - add betas
high dose - add alphas

33
Q

phenylephrine affects what receptors?

A

alphas

34
Q

ritodrine - mech, use

A

beta 2 agonist

reduces premature uterine contractions

35
Q

how do amphetamines and cocaine work?

A

both indirect sympathomimetics
amphetamines - releases stored catecholamines
cocaine - reuptake inhibitor

36
Q

NE vs isoproterenol effects of BP / HR

A

NE - more alpha effect > vasoconstriction > inc MAP > reflex brady

isoproterenol - only beta effect > vasodilation > dec MAP > inc HR through reflex and beta 1

37
Q

clonidine mech

A

alpha 2 agonist

38
Q

phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine - mechs, uses

A

both alpha blockers, phenoxy is irreversible and phento is reversible
phenoxy - pheo
phento - MAO inhib pts who eat tyramine containing foods

39
Q

-osin drugs - mech, use

A

alpha 1 blockers

HTN, BPH

40
Q

tox of beta blockers

A

impotence, exacerbation of asthma, CV adverse effects - brady, AV block, CHF; CNS - seizures, sedation; use w/ caution in diabetics b/c dec insulin release

41
Q

beta 1 selective beta blockers

A

A BEAM - acebutolol, betaxolol, esmolol, atenolol, metoprolol

42
Q

partial beta agonist drugs

A

pindolol and acebutolol

43
Q

drug causing gray baby syndrome

A

chloramphenicol

44
Q

drugs causing hemolysis in G6PD def (6)

A

INH, sulfonamides, primaquine, aspirin, ibuprofen, nitrofurantoin

45
Q

causes of drug induced lupus (4)

A

hydralazine, INH, procainamide, phenytoin

46
Q

cinchonism caused by

A

quinidine, quinine

47
Q

6 drugs causing seizures

A

INH, bupropion, imipenem, tramadol, enflurane, metoclopramide

48
Q

-triptan class

A

5HT agonists for migraines

49
Q

-zolam class

A

benzos (also -azepam)

EBSE (18 decks)

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