Path

Question 1

intrinsic pathway of apoptosis - what makes it happen, and how does it proceed

Answer 1

happens when growth factor is withdrawn or exposed to injurious stimuli
inc mitochondrial permeability, cytochrome c release > cell death

Question 2

extrinsic apoptosis - how does it happen

Answer 2

Fas ligand binding to Fas

or cytotoxic T cell

Question 3

cytokine need to form and maintain granulomas

Answer 3

TNF

Question 4

3 conditions that have a dec ESR

Answer 4

sickle cell
polycythemia
CHF

Question 5

mechanism of damage from iron poisoning

Answer 5

peroxidation of membrane lipids

Question 6

waxy appearing tissues are assoc w/ what disease

Answer 6

amyloidosis

Question 7

primary (AL) vs secondary (AA) amyloidosis

Answer 7

AL - deposition of Ig light chains. assoc w/ plasma cell disorder or multiple myeloma

AA - deposition of fibrils of amyloid A. assoc w/ chronic inflammatory conditions like RA, IBD, etc.

both are systemic w/ similar manifestations

Question 8

dialysis related amyloidosis

Answer 8

deposition of beta 2 microglobulin. mostly affects joints / carpal tunnel

Question 9

desmoplasia

Answer 9

fibrous tissue formation in response to neoplasm

Question 10

cancer assoc w/ Down syndrome

Answer 10

ALL, AML

Question 11

cancer assoc w/ Plummer Vinson syndrome

Answer 11

SCC of esophagus

Question 12

cancer assoc w/ acanthosis nigricans

Answer 12

visceral malignancies (stomach, lung, uterus, etc)

Question 13

c-myc assoc w/

Answer 13

Burkitt’s lymphoma

Question 14

bcl-2 assoc w/

Answer 14

follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas

Question 15

ras assoc w/

Answer 15

colon CA

Question 16

L-myc assoc w/

Answer 16

Lung CA

Question 17

N-myc assoc w/

Answer 17

neuroblastoma

Question 18

ret assoc w/

Answer 18

multiple endocrine neoplasia 2a and 2b

Question 19

c-kit assoc w/

Answer 19

GI stromal tumor

Question 20

p16 and BRAF assoc w/

Answer 20

melanoma

Question 21

APC assoc w/

Answer 21

colon CA

Question 22

WT1 assoc w/

Answer 22

Wilm’s tumor (nephroblastoma)

Question 23

DPC4 assoc w/

Answer 23

pancreatic CA

Question 24

DCC assoc w/

Answer 24

colon CA

Question 25

CEA tumor marker

Answer 25

carcinoembryonic antigen | nonspecific, but most colorectal and pancreatic CAs make it

Question 26

CA-125 tumor marker

Answer 26

ovarian cancer

Question 27

S100 tumor marker

Answer 27

melanoma, neural tumors, schwannomas

Question 28

bombesin tumor marker

Answer 28

neuroblastoma, lung, gastric CA

Question 29

TRAP tumor marker

Answer 29

tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase | hairy cell leukemia

Question 30

CA19-9 tumor marker

Answer 30

pancreatic CA

Question 31

psammoma bodies seen in:

Answer 31

papillary adenoCA of thyroid serous papillary cystadenoCA of ovary meningioma malignant mesothelioma