Embryo Flashcards
Sonic Hedgehog - what does it do, mutation causes what
involved in AP patterning
mutation = holoprosencephaly
function of Wnt-7
needed for proper organization along dorsal-ventral axis in embryo
homeobox (hox) genes - fn, mutation?
involved in segmental organization (craniocaudal)
mutation - appendages in wrong location
when does gastrulation occur?
week 3 (3 layers = 3 wks)
when does neural tube close by?
wk 4
when does fetal period begin?
wk 8
when does fetus start to have male/female genitalia?
wk 10
tumor originating from Rathke’s pouch
craniopharyngioma
when is embyro/fetus most susceptible to teratogens?
wks 3-8
teratogenic effect of alkylating agents
absence of digits
teratogenic effect of DES
vaginal clear cell adenoCA
teratogenic effect of lithium
Ebstein’s anomaly - atrialized RV
teratogenic effect of thalidomide
limb defects (“flipper” limbs)
MCC congenital malformation in US
fetal alcohol synd
what part of placenta secretes HCG?
syncytiotrophoblast
aortic arch derivs
1 - maxillary art 2 - stapedial and hyoid art 3 - common carotid / part of internal carotid 4 - L - aortic arch, R - subclavian 6 - prox pulm art and ductus arteriosus
branchial parts in embryo - which parts correspond to which layer of tissue
clefts - ectoderm
arches - mesoderm
pouches - endoderm
CAP
simple mnemonic for branchial arch derivatives
1 - chew
2 - smile
3 - swallow STYlishly (stylopharyngeus)
4 - simply swallow and speak
branchial pouch derivs
1 - middle ear stuff
2 - palatine tonsils
3 - inf parathyroids and thymus
4 - sup parathyroids
what is the precursor of the female and male genitalia?
female - paramesonephric (mullerian) duct
male - mesonephric (wolffian) duct
remnants of gubernaculum in males/females
male - anchors testes w/ in scrotum
female - ovarian ligmanet and round ligament of uterus
