pH

Question 1

What are electrolytes?

Answer 1

Ionic salts

Question 2

What are electrolytes used for?

Answer 2

They conduct electrical impulses within the body

Question 3

What are acids and bases in relation to electrolytes?

Answer 3

They are a special subset of electrolytes

Question 4

What are the three characteristic properties of acids?

Answer 4

Sour taste

Turns litmus red

Eats away active metals by reacting to produce H2

Question 5

What are the three characteristic properties of bases?

Answer 5

Bitter taste

Turns litmus blue

Produces slippery aqueous solutions to the touch

Question 6

What are indicators?

Answer 6

They indicate acids and bases by colour changes

Question 7

Give some examples of indicators.

Answer 7

Litmus

Cabbage juice

Some flowers

Question 8

What is a neutral sibstance?

Answer 8

Something that exhibits neither an acid nor a base behaviour

Question 9

What do electrolytes do?

Answer 9

They conduct electric currents

Question 10

What do nonelectrolytes do?

Answer 10

They do not conduct electric currents

Question 11

Give some examples of electrolytes.

Answer 11

Acetic acid
Hydrogen chloride
Sulfuric acid

Question 12

Give some examples of nonelectrolytes.

Answer 12

Acetone
Carbon dioxide
Ethanol

Question 13

What are ions?

3

Answer 13

Mobile charged particles in solution

Carry currents in electrolyte solutions

Formed by dissociation of ionic salts

Question 14

What forms ions?

Answer 14

The dissociation of ionic salts

Question 15

What is dissociation?

Answer 15

The splitting of ionic compounds to individual charged components

Question 16

What are acids?

Answer 16

Compounds that can give hydrogen ions hence increasing the concentration of hydronium ions

Question 17

What form are protons in in water?

Answer 17

Form of hydronium ions

Question 18

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid?

Answer 18

Any substance that can donate a proton

Question 19

List three strong acids.

Answer 19

Sulfuric acid - H2SO4

Nitric acid - HNO3

Hydrochloric acid - HCL

Question 20

List two weak acids.

Answer 20

Ethanoic acid - CH3COOH

Carbonic acid - H2CO3

Question 21

What are bases?

2

Answer 21

Bases are compounds that can accept hydrogen ions

They produce hydroxide anions (OH-) in water -> they increase the hydroxide ion concentration while decreasing the hydrogen ion concentration

Question 22

What is the Bronsted Lowry definition of a base?

Answer 22

Any substance that can accept a proton

Question 23

List three strong bases.

Answer 23

Sodium hydroxide - NaOH
Potassium hydroxide - KOH
Lithium hydroxide - LiOH

Question 24

List three weak bases

Answer 24

Calcium hydroxide - Ca(OH)
Ammonia - NH3
Carbonate - CO3

Question 25

What happens to both strong acids and bases in water? | 2

Answer 25

They are essentially 100% ionized in water They are completely dissociated in aqueous solution

Question 26

What happens to both weak acids and bases in water?

Answer 26

They are much less ionized

Question 27

What is Ka?

Answer 27

The acid ionisation constant

Question 28

What is Kb?

Answer 28

The base ionisation constant

Question 29

What does a large value of Ka mean?

Answer 29

It means there are many H+ ions in solution -> a strong acid

Question 30

What does a large Kb value mean?

Answer 30

It indicates many OH- ions -> a strong base

Question 31

what does a small Ka value indicate?

Answer 31

A weak acid

Question 32

What does a small Kb value indicate?

Answer 32

A weak base

Question 33

What is the pH equation?

Answer 33

pH = -log10 [H+]

Question 34

What is the pOH equation?

Answer 34

pOH = -log to the base 10 [OH-]

Question 35

What is the equilibrium constant for water equation?

Answer 35

Kw = [H+] x [OH-] = 10^-14

Question 36

What is the H+ concentration equation? | 2

Answer 36

Square root of (Ka x Macid) Where Macid is the concentration in moles per litre

Question 37

What is the OH concentration equation?

Answer 37

Square root of (Kb x Mbase) Where Mbase is the concentration in moles per litre

Question 38

What is the equation for the acid dissociation constant?

Answer 38

Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA] Ka = [H30+][A-]/[HA]

Question 39

What is the equation for the base dissociation constant?

Answer 39

Kb = [Hb+][OH-]/[B]