Definitions Flashcards
Define dynamic equilibrium
Rate of forward reaction is equal to rate of the reverse reaction
Define reversible reaction
Chemical reaction in which the reverse reaction contributes a significant amount
Give the equilibrium constant equation (Kc)
Kc = ([C}^c[D]^d)/[A]^a[B]^b
aA + bB cC + dD
Where concentration is in moles
Define oxidation in terms of electrons.
Oxidation is the loss of electrons
Define reduction in terms of electrons
Reduction is the gain of electrons
Define oxidation number
The charge an atom has in a molecule or an ion
Define oxidation in terms of oxidation number.
An increase in oxidation number
Define reduction in terms of oxidation number
A decrease in oxidation number
What is the pH equation?
pH = -log10 [H+]
What is the pOH equation?
pOH = -log to the base 10 [OH-
What is the H+ concentration equation?
/(Ka x Macid)
Where Macid is the concentration in moles per litre
What is the OH concentration equation?
/(Kb x Mbase)
Where Mbase is the concentration in moles per litre
What is the Ka equation?
Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]
What is the Kb equation?
Kb = [Hb+][OH-]/[B]
How to find H+ when given pH?
H+ = antilog (pH)
How to find OH- when given pOH?
H+ = antilog (pH)
14 - answer = OH-
How do you go from grams to moles?
Divide grams by RMM
How do you go from moles to # of atoms?
Moles x Avogadro’s number
How do you go from moles to grams?
Moles x RMM = grams
How do you go from # of atoms to moles?
Number of atoms divided by avogadro’s number
What is a primary standard?
A standard solution which has been prepared by accurately weighing out a pure compound and using it to make a solution of known volume
What is a secondary standard?
A solution standardised against a primary standard
What are the five requirements for a primary standard?
It should be 100% pure
Stable to drying temperatures. Stable at room temperature.
Readily available and fairly inexpensive
High formula (molecular) weights so that a larger weight is taken for a given number of moles
Should react completely to give a sharp end point
Define limiting reagent
The reagent that determines how much product is formed
