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1.1 Chemistry > Matter > Flashcards

Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

Define matter

A

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space

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2
Q

What is matter composed of?

A

Discrete, tiny, fundamental particles called atoms

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3
Q

How is matter classified?

A

According to its physical state and composition

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4
Q

Classify matter according to its physical state.

3

A

Gas
Liquid
Solid

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5
Q

Classify matter according to its composition

3

A

Element
Compound
Mixture

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6
Q

Write a note on the physical state of solids

5

A 
Definite shape
Definite volume
Essentially incompressible
Particles are tightly packed together
Particles are held together by very strong forces of attraction
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7
Q

Describe the physical state of the particles in solids.

A

The particles are tightly packed together

The particles are held together by very strong forces of attraction

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8
Q

Write a note on the physical state of liquids.

5

A

Indefinite shape
Definite volume
Only slightly compressible
Particles are mobile, able to move around each other
Particles are held together by strong forces of attraction

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9
Q

Describe the physical state of the particles in liquids

A

Particles are mobile, able to move around each other

Particles are held together by strong forces of attraction

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10
Q

Write a note on the physical state of gases

5

A

Indefinite shape
Indefinite volume
Compressible
Particles are far apart and are small compared to the volume they occupy
The attractive forces are so weak that the particles are independent of each other

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11
Q

Describe the physical state of the particles of a gas.

A

Particles are far apart and are small compared to the volume they occupy
The attractive forces are so weak that the particles are independent of each other

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12
Q

Describe the movement of molecules in a solid.

A

Molecules vibrate about a fixed average position

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13
Q

Describe the movement of molecules in a liquid

A

Molecules can move past each other, but there are many collisions

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14
Q

Describe the movement of molecules in a gas

A

Molecules move rapidly in random directions

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15
Q

In what two ways can matter exist?

A

As a pure substance or as a mixture

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16
Q

Define a pure substance.

2

A

Uniform and fixed composition

Elements and compounds exist as pure substances if only one kind of matter is present

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17
Q

When can elements and compounds exist as pure substances?

A

If only one kind of matter is present

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18
Q

Define an element in terms of matter

A

A pure substance composed of only one type of atom e.g. Cu (copper)

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19
Q

Define a compound in terms of matter

A

A pure substance composed of more than one element

20
Q

Give the definition of an element.

A

An element is a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means

21
Q

How many elements have been discovered?

A

118 elements

22
Q

How many elements occur naturally on Earth?

A

94

23
Q

What four elements make up 96% of living matter?

A

Oxygen O
Carbon C
Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

24
Q

What is the definition of a compound?

A

A chemical compound is a pure chemical substance of two or more different chemical elements that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions

25
Q

Classify pure substances.

A

Elemental substance

Compound

26
Q

Classify mixtures

A

Homogeneous mixture

Heterogeneous mixture

27
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture also known as?

A

A solution

28
Q

Describe the composition of a homogeneous mixture.

A

Uniform throughout

29
Q

Describe the composition of a heterogeneous mixture.

A

Not uniform throughout

30
Q

Define a mixture.

2

A

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically united and do not exist in fixed proportions to each other

Can be physically separated into pure compounds or elements

31
Q

Define a solution

A

A mixture of two or more substances in a single phase

At least two substances must be mixed to have a solution

32
Q

Describe homogeneous matter.

A

Homogeneous matter is uniform in appearance and has the same properties throughout

33
Q

Give an example of a homogeneous mixture

A

Sugar and water

34
Q

Describe heterogeneous matter

A

Heterogeneous matter consists of two or more physically distinct phases

35
Q

Define a phase

A

A phase is a homogeneous part of a system separated from other parts by physical boundaries

36
Q

Give an example of a pure substance heterogeneous mixture

A

Liquid and gaseous bromine

37
Q

Give an example of a mixture of heterogeneous matter.

A

Iced tea

38
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A change that does not result in a change of composition

39
Q

What is a chemical change

A

When a substance changes its composition

40
Q

Under what condition can mixtures be separated?

A

Mixtures can be separated if their physical properties are different

41
Q

What is the name of the method used to separate solids from liquids?

A

Filtration

42
Q

Describe the process of filtration.

A

The solid is collected in filter paper while the solution (filtrate) passes through the filter paper and is collected in a flask

43
Q

How can homogeneous liquids be separated?

A

They can be separated by distillation

44
Q

What is required for distillation to work?

A

The different liquids must have different boiling points

45
Q

What methods are used to isolate pure substances from each other?

A

Chromatography
Filtration
Distillation
etc

1.1 Chemistry (19 decks)

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