PGM Flashcards
AGM-114B
Improved low visibility capability, lower trajectories than AGM-114A. Minimum smoke rocket motor. Safe and arming device that provides electrical and mechanical interruption in firing train. 64in long 7in diameter 100pounds.
LOAL-HI min standoff for obstacle clearance
1500m for 1000ft
LOBL Launch Restriction Skid Height
Must have skids a minimum of 10ft above highest terrain within 200m in front of aircraft.
LOAL-LO min standoff for obstacle clearance
600m for 260ft mask
M279 Missile Launcher
2 HELLFIRE Missiles 93# empty
AGM-114K-2A
Modified AGM-114K2 missile with fragmenting sleeve wrapped externally around warhead. Sleeve is epoxied around warhead section. 1/8 in sleeve is 6.75in long with mixed diamond pattern for controlled size fragments. Lethal against a wide range of targets. Total 4.5#. Not authorized for shipboard use.
2 LOBL missiles FOV
Offset seeker centroid 4.5 deg to side of aircraft azimuth on which missile is carried giving 9 deg of separation from each seeker search centroid. Two search patterns overlap each other 5 deg on the aircraft azimuth. Total FOV: 23 deg across, 20 deg vertical.
AGM-114K/K2
Dual warheads for defeating reactive armor, electro-optical countermeasures, hardened semi-active laser seeker and externally programmable guidance section for trajectory shaping. Contains both pulse PRF and PIM capability. 64in long 7in diameter, 100#. Approved for shipboard use.
AGM-114N
Identical to K except no precursor warhead and replaces shape charge with a thermobaric warhead. Thermobaric warhead has a metal augmented charge that when ignited produces an impulse over time property. Warhead also has frag capability. Penetration is kinetic. Senses kinetic penetration of target and initiates small time delay. After delay, thermobaric warhead is detonated creating overpressure longer than M and frag effect.
64in long, 7in diameter, 106#.
AGM-114N Restricted PRF Codes
1217-1231, 1436-1452, 1685-1721
HELLFIRE Tactical Missile
Arms only after launch when acceleration exceeds 10g’s btw 150-300m in front of each aircraft. Max velocity 475m/s with avg of 375m/s. 19,000# of thrust. Yellow colored bands for ID and Blue Bands for inert warheads.
ATM-114Q
Live rocket motor and an inert warhead, designed to simulate tactical engagements in a training environment. Same weight and CG as tactical missiles and a laser seeker identical to tactical. Yellow colored band around propulsion section, blue band around warhead.
10 Laser Errors
1) Boresight error
2) Spot Jitter
3) Beam Divergence
4) Attenuation
5) Backscatter
6) Overspill
7) Underspill
8) Entrapment
9) Spectral Effect
10) Podium Effect
AGM-114 Tactical Missile Components
1) Seeker/Guidance Section
2) Warhead Section
3) Guidance Group
4) Propulsion Section (2-3 sec burn)
5) Control Section
Laser Interlocks
1) One or both generators online or DVO window cover installed.
2) MASTER ARM to ARM
3) Turret Depression limit switch OFF
4) Laser FIRST/LAST/OFF set to FIRST or LAST
5) TSU filter select to LASER
6) ACQ/TRK/STOW set to TRK
Seeker
Detects properly coded laser energy and provides LOS info to missile autopilot and, while on rail, the RHE.
Gimbal mounted and gyro stabilized with a mass composed of the mirror, balance wheel, and permanent magnet rotor, spinning at 4,200rpm. Detector has a +/- 30 deg gimbal limit.
Auto Code can take up to how long?
7-10 sec
AGM-114 Jettison Limits
130 KIAS for M272, 150 KIAS for M279
LOAL -HI Climb Alt
AGM-114B: 4sec delay 1600’, 12sec delay 1300’
AGM-114K: 4sec delay 1400’, 12sec delay 1400’
LOAL-HI Min Range
AGM-114B: 0 deg offset 3500’, 7.5 deg offset 4500’
AGM-114K: 0 deg offset 3500’, 7.5 deg offset 3500’
LOAL-LO Climb Alt
AGM-114B: 4sec delay 1400’, 15sec delay 800’
AGM-114K: 4sec delay 800’, 15sec delay 800’
LOAL-LO Min Range
AGM-114B: 0 deg offset 2000’, 7.5 deg offset 3000’
AGM-114K: 0 deg offset 2000’, 7.5 deg offset 2500’
LOAL-DIR Climb Alt
AGM-114B: 4sec delay 800’, 12sec delay 400’
AGM-114K: 4sec delay 400’, 12sec delay 400’
LOAL-DIR Min Range
AGM-114B: 0 deg offset 1900’, 7.5 deg offset 2000’
AGM-114K: 0 deg offset 1500’, 7.5 deg offset 1700’
Add 500m for launch of 50 to 400ft above target, add 1000m for launch 400-800ft above target.
LOBL Climb Alt 3/5/7KM
AGM-114B: 400’/1000’/1700’
AGM-114K: 300’/500’/600’
LOAL Scan Pattern
Controlled by missile autopilot. Short and wide to prevent flying past target. Pattern is 32 deg x 4 deg.
Searched Area is 40 deg x 12 deg.
What angle does missile leave launch rail?
4 deg above armament datum line.
CCM/CAM switch
Enables CCM routine within missile. Switch allows missile to overcome suspected active electro-optical countermeasures being used within target area. Should be in the OFF position unless active EOCM are known to be deployed in target area.
M272 Missile Launcher
4 HELLFIRE missiles. 141#. Allows missile to leave rail when thrust exceeds 600#.
Max Offset for designator
Angle formed between designator to target line and missile target line shall never be greater than 60 degrees.
Max Range HELLFIRE
7KM for LOBL and LOAL-DIR, 8 KM for LOAL-LO/HI
3 KM HELLFIRE Shot
10 sec TOF, 2-3 sec delay, 6 sec steady on tgt
4 KM HELLFIRE Shot
14 sec TOF, 3-6 sec delay, 6 sec steady on tgt
5 KM HELLFIRE Shot
19 sec TOF, 4-8 sec delay, 6 sec steady on tgt
AGM-114F
Same as AGM-114C except it contains additional forward warhead for improved performance against reactive armor. 71in long, 7in diam, 107#. Not approved for shipboard use.
AGM-114 F/K/K-2 Warhead
AGM-114F: 0.64# LX-14 fwd, 13.7# LX-14 main
AGM-114K: 2.2# LX-14 fwd, 12.6# LX-14 main
AGM-114K2: 2.2# PBXN-9 fwd, 12.4# PBXN-9 main
AGM-114M
Same as AGM-114K except no pre-cursor warhead and replaces shape charge warhead with blast frag warhead and incendiary capabilities. Fuse senses kinetic penetration of the target and initiates a small time delay. After delay blast-frag warhead is detonated creating an overpressure and frag effect. 64in long, 7in diam, 105#. Authorized for shipboard use.
AGM-114M Warhead
Contains explosive loaded warhead case and electronic safe, arm and fire device. Time delay module to allow penetration of target prior to penetration. 6 pounds of explosive and incendiary (5.5# PBXN-109, 0.49# zirconium)
AGM-114A
Basic autopilot and low smoke rocket motor. Flies highest trajectories. 64in long, 7in diam, 100#. Not approved for shipboard use.
Seeker Modes
1) Cage: Seeker is inhibited from slaving or tracking until gyro mass is spun up or when RHE commands cage.
2) Scan: Seeker is moved in predetermined scan pattern to help it acquire and lock on a lase r spot.
3) In LOBL mode, seeker is commanded to look straight ahead along missile body axis. All missiles with exception of AGM-114K/M/N can acquire and lock on in stare mode if laser energy detected.
4) Slave: Seeker is commanded in response to a LOS command from missile autopilot (LOAL) or aircraft on board system via RHE (LOBL)
5) Track: Seeker commanded by the seeker electronics assembly to maintain the reflected laser energy centered on the detector/preamplifier assembly so optics assembly is pointed at the target.
Preferred PRF Codes
1111-1488
Single Missile FOV
Instantaneous FOV: 8 deg
Rectangular search 6 deg (+/-3) across and 12 deg (+/- 6) vertical.
Total FOV: 14 deg across and 20 deg vertical
LOBL Seeker Search Limits
< 90 deg F No limit (A/B/C/F) < 125 deg F no limit (K/M/N)
Above the temps above there is a 30 min limit for continuous search after which the missiles must either be deselected or placed in LOAL to allow cooling (30 min) ROT: For every minute of search, a minute of cooldown. Seekers require 2 min downtime after deselection.
How long for seeker to spin up?
up to 30 seconds
AGM-114N-5
Identical to AGM-114N except software change to lower missile’s AOA at impact and decrease terminal flight path angle to enhance warhead penetration and improve target engagements for targets under overhangs. LOBL and LOAL-D are the only modes affected. Doesn’t include restricted PRF codes
HELLFIRE Danger Close (0.1% Pi)
110m
6KM HELLFIRE Shot
24 sec TOF, 4-11 sec delay, 6 sec steady on tgt
7KM HELLFIRE Shot
29 sec TOF, 4-13 sec delay, 7 sec steady on tgt
LOBL Min Range
AGM-114B: 0 deg offset 800m, 20 deg offset 1200m
AGM-114K: 0 deg offset 500m, 20 deg offset 700m
2KM HELLFIRE Shot
7 sec TOF, No Delay, 6 sec steady on tgt
HELLFIRE HEAT Warhead Shape
30 deg and 42 deg warhead interior angles
LOAL Seeker Depression
HI: 11.75 deg
LO: 9.75 deg
DIR: 4.25 deg
AGM-114K2-B Sleeve
10.9# of Tantallum
AGM-114K2-A Sleeve Etching Spaced?
6mm and 12mm
RAPID/RIPL/MAN
Rapid: missiles will be launched only from the priority channel one designator/one code. 8 second delay allows time for laser spot to be repositioned and subsequent missile to reacquire different target (100m max).
Ripple: Alternates priority missile channel after each missile launch. Two designators two codes.
Manual: Select missile manually.
AGM-114N Thermobaric Warhead
Metal augmented charge and explosive loaded warhead case. Electronic Safe, Arm, and Fire device like AGM-114M. The charge mixture of Vitron coated Aluminum powder gives it thermobaric properties. 4.1# of MAC liner and 4.6# of PBXN-112 explosive. Provides similar blast capability as the AGM-114M plus a longer pulse due to aluminum burning resulting in increased potential damage.
AGM-114C
Identical to AGM-114B without safe and arming device. Not approved for shipboard use. 64in long, 7in diam, 100#
AGM-114 A/B/C HEAT Warhead
Unitary shape-charge warhead with 13.7# of LX-14 main charge.
M-36E1/E3
Same external shape and weight of tactical missile used for captive flight training and cannot be launched. Blue bands around warhead. E3 is identical to E1 except seeker on E3 is identical to seeker on AGM-114 K/M/N.
How long is missile inhibited from locking on in LOAL modes?
1.5 seconds after launch
3 LOBL Missiles selected and searching
One seeker aligned with aircraft azimuth, one 9 deg right and one 9 deg left. Search patterns overlap 5 deg providing FOV coverage. Total FOV is now 32 deg horizontally and 20 deg vertically.
M-34 Dummy Missiles
Same external size and shape of tactical missiles used to train ordnance personnel in loading procedures. No explosives but have a ballast to simulate weight and CG. Bronze bands around warhead and propulsion section.
8KM HELLFIRE Shot
36 sec TOF, 4-16 sec delay, 8 sec steady on tgt
HELLFIRE Min Safe Distance
900m
Four Basic Requirements to effectively employ HELLFIRE
1) PRF code of laser designator and weapon must be the same.
2) Direction of attack must allow weapon to sense sufficient reflected laser energy from designated target.
3) The laser designator must be designating at correct time.
4) Attacking aircraft must release the weapon within the specific weapon’s delivery envelope.
HELLFIRE Unprotected Designator Zone
Still possibility of being injured by random missile failure probability is less than in protected designator zone.
1) At a minimum, designators should wear flak and military issue helmet.
2) Designator shall have a clear unobstructed LOS to target.
3) Ground designator operators must ensure that they do not inadvertently laze through dust caused by personnel or vehicles.
4) Airborne designators must ensure that they are either over ground conditions which do not create dust or are at an alt where rotor downwash does not create dust.
HELLFIRE Protected Designator Zone
Designators not vulnerable to normally functioning missile tracking backscatter energy. There is a possibility that the missile may track and impact an obstruction near designator if illuminated by beam. Possibility of being injured by a random missile failure impacting within 150m is less than 4 in 10 million.
1) Designators shall wear flak and military issue helmet and be in protected positions.
2) Designator shall have a clear unobstructed LOS to target.
3) Ground designator operators must ensure that they do not inadvertently laze through dust caused by personnel or vehicles.
4) Airborne designators must ensure that they are either over ground conditions which do not create dust or are at an alt where rotor downwash does not create dust.
HELLFIRE Area F
An area to the rear of the launch point 30m wide and 50m long. Hazards are launch motor blast, high noise levels, over pressure, and debris. Serious casualties or fatalities may occur to any personnel occupying this area. Occupation by personnel is prohibited.
HELLFIRE Prohibited Designator Zone
No designator operators are allowed in this zone because of unacceptable probabilities associated with the following hazards:
1) Scenarios wher ethe missile seeker can track laser backscatter energy at the exit aperture of designator.
2) Probability of random missile failures is highest within this zone.
Back scatter avoidance
1) rotate 3-5 degrees towards launcher/missile being used
2) switch to LOAL-D with min of 2sec delay to allow missile to clear area of strongest laser energy
3) change designators
4) change targets
5) relocate to new position
6) utilize cspot
