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Correl 2 > petroleum geology > Flashcards

petroleum geology Flashcards

1
Q

includes both the depression and sediment

A

basin

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2
Q
  • a complex igneous and metamorphic rocks in continental areas
  • negative relief with respect to their surrounding
A

basement

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3
Q

areas that receives normal veneer of sed cover over the basement
-neutral reliefr

A

platform or shelves

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4
Q
  • recieve thinner than ave seds

- persistent regional positive relief

A

arches

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5
Q

3 types of basements

A

igneous volcanic complex
sedimentary basements
metamorphic complexes

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6
Q

geometry of basins

A
  • 1000 sq. km
  • 2-10 km thickness
  • varies in shape
  • some are embayments
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7
Q

tectonic settings of basins

A
  • convergent

- divergent - 1st stage of rifting

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8
Q

types of basins used in the phillippines

A

3 - forearc, backarc, rift

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9
Q

a basin with moderate to high geothermal gradient and typified by volcano-clastic reservoirs

A

backarc basin

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10
Q

a type of basin with limited HC potential, low geothermal gradient, and scarcity of good clastic reservoir

A

forearc basin

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11
Q

basin with insufficient trap size, high geothermal gradient, and inadequate development of source rocks

A

rift basins

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12
Q

how many basins does the philippines have

A

16 - all in all

9 - phil mobile belt

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13
Q

backarc basins in the philippines

A
  1. visayan basin
  2. southheast luzon basin
  3. cotabato basin
  4. sulu sea basin
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14
Q

forearc basins in the philippines

A
  1. ilocos trough
  2. central luzon basin
  3. west luzon basin
  4. west masbate-iloilo basin
  5. agusan-davao basin
  6. bicol shelf
  7. east palawan basin
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15
Q

rift basins in the philippines

A
  1. NW palawan basin
  2. Mindoro-Cuyo platform
  3. SW palawan basin
  4. reed bank basin
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16
Q

biggest basin in the philippine sea plate

A

west philippine basin

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17
Q

it refers to the specific set of geological disciplines that deals with the study of origin, movement, accumulation, and exploration of HC fuels

A

petroleum geology

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18
Q

the mineralogy composition of rocks and pore-fluid chemistry

A

geochemistry

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19
Q

structures involved in trapping and data gathering in wells

A

geophysics

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20
Q

transformation of plants and animals into HC and fossil life

A

biology - biochem, paleo

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21
Q

used for the identification of maturity of the petroleum

A

paleontology

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22
Q

comes from the word “petra” means rock and “oleum” means oil and essentially made up of HC compound

A

petroelum

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23
Q

what is the latak of petroleum

A

tar

24
Q

petroleum forms at normal temp condition as:

A
  1. liquid - crude oil
  2. gas - natural gas
  3. solid - tar and bitumen
25
Q

crude oil with little sulfur content

A

sweet crude oil

26
Q

crude oil with high sulfur content

A

sour crude oil

27
Q

HC wered derived from the geochemical conversion of organic matter and material in time through the agents of temp and pressure

A

organic theory

28
Q

organic theory

A

stage 1 - fossilization
stage 2 - diagenesis
stage 3 - migration
stage 4 - entrapment and extraction

29
Q

a concept that encompasses all of the disparate elements and processes of petroleum geology

A

petroleum system

30
Q
  • sed rock containing OM. which under heat, time, and pressure was transformed to liquid or gaseous HC
  • a rock capable of generating oil and gas
A

source rocks

31
Q

movement of generated HC from the source rock to the reservoir rock in a trap through conduits

A

migration

32
Q

any rock that has sufficient porosity and permeability to permit the storage and accumulation of crude oil or natural gas under adequate trap conditions, and to yield the HC at satisfactory flow rate upon production

A

reservoir rocks

33
Q

an impervioius or impermeable bed capping the reservoir rocks in atrap

A

cap rock or seal

34
Q

any barrier to upward movement of oil and gas, allowing either both to accumulate

A

trap

35
Q

relationship between the time of trap formation and time of HC generation and migration

A

Timing

36
Q

elements of petroleum system

A 
source rock
reservoir rock
migration
trap
seal/cap rock
timing
37
Q

oil and gas come from OM through transformation processes involving _____ and __________

A

heat and geologic time

38
Q

refers to materials composed of organic molecules in monomeric or polymeric form derived directly or indirectly from organic parts of organism

A

organic matter

39
Q

true or false: mineral skelatal parts (shells, bones, and teeth) are not included in OM

A

true

40
Q
  • the basic process that accomplishes the mas production of OM on earth
  • it converts light energy to chemical energy by the transfer of Hydrogen from water to carbon dioxide to produce OM in the form of glucose and oxygen
A

photosynthesis
-about 2 billion yrs ago (pre cambrian) photosynthesis emerged as a world wide phenomenon laying the foundation for the evolution of higher forms of life

41
Q

From pre-cambrian to devonion the primary producer of OM was __________

A

Marine phytoplankton

42
Q

Devonian onwards, increasing amount of primary production of OM from ______________

A

Terrestrial sources

43
Q

At present the production of OM was both ______

A

Equal from terrestrial and Marine phytoplankton

44
Q

4 most imortant contributor of OM in seds

A
  1. Phytoplankton
  2. Zooplanktons
  3. Higher plants
  4. Bacteria
45
Q

Contribution from higher organized animals such as fishes is neglible. Why?

A

Mabagal mag preserve and kinakain agad sila ng scavengers

46
Q

Production of OM is controlled by ______, ________, and __________ of sea water

A

Light
Temperature
Chemical composition

47
Q

Large part of biological production is concentrated in the __________ of the water column

A

Upper 60 to 80 meters

48
Q

Productivity of coastal waters are ____ of the open seas

A

2X

49
Q

Saan may pinakamadamin input ng mga OM

A

Estuaries - because of the quiet environment, and the planktons are directly buried after death

50
Q

Factors you need for the accumulation and preservation of OM

A
  • balanced between energy level and sedimentation

- fine-grained sediments

51
Q

Through time and elevated temperature, the OM is transformed to ________ and ________

A

Kerogen and bitumen

52
Q

Organic material in sed rocks is insoluble in ordaniary organic solvents
- the most important part to the petroleum geologist

A

Kerogen

53
Q
  • The organic material in sed rocks which is soluble in ordinary organic solvents
  • it is the product of partial conversion of kerogen as a result of rising temp and passing time
A

Bitumen

54
Q

Types of Kerogen

A

Type I - alganite - oil
Type II - liptinite - oil and gas
Type III - vitrinite - gas
Type IV - inentinite - gas in later stage of maturity

55
Q

Derived largely from algal material or from OM enriched in LIPIDS due to microbial alteration

A

Type I - alganite

56
Q

Contains less waxy or cuticle material, derived from bacteria, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and minor ammounts of sores and pollens.

A

Type II - liptinite

-generated a large volume of the world’s oil and gas deposit

Correl 2 (19 decks)

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