Geochemistry part 1 Flashcards
Study of the nature and distribution of chemical elements in rocks and minerals
Geochemistry
geochemist who used the word “geochemistry” in his book, data of geochemistry
Frank W. Clarke
Father of Modern Geochemistry and crystal chemistry; proposed the classification of minerals according to preferred hosts
Victor M. Goldschmidt
Rock-loving minerals
Lithophile
Iron-loving minerals
Siderophile
Ore-loving minerals
Chalcophile
Gas-loving mineral
Atmophile
A model of the evolution of the universe that prostulates its origin from a hot, dense mass that expanded rapidly and cooled
Big Bang Theory
Clues of the expansion of the universe
- red shift (the use of doppler effect)
- cosmic microwave radiation
The energy of radiation produced at a specific wavelength when the universe was at temp greater than about 3000k
Cosmic Background Radiation
Hierarchy of the Universe
Clusters of Galaxy galaxy stars, pulsars, and black holes Planets Satelites Comets Asteroids Meteoroids Dust particles Molecules Atom of H and He
The basic unit in heirarchy of the universe
Stars
Produced by tcontraction of interstellar gases resulting in increase in temp
Main Sequence Stars
High luminosity and high temp stars
Blue Giants
Stars less massive than the sun
Red Dwarfs
Bigger than the sun and is formed by depletion of H in the core during the main phase; the enrgy production shifted from the c ore to the outer shell
Red Giants
End stage of stellar evolution;
Pulsars (neutron stars), white dwarf, black hole
The theory that explains the complexation of material from the simple structure of H and deuterium (isotope of H)
Nucleosynthesis
Most abundant elements in the universe
H and He
The abundance of the first 50 elements decrease exponentially
Yaaaas
The elements with even atomic numbers are more abundant than their immediate neighbors with odd atomic numbers
Remember
Elements having atomic number higher than 50 are very low in abundance and do not vary appreciably with increasing atomic number
Ehem
The abundances of Li, Be, and B are anomalously low compared to other elements of low atomic number.
Remember natin ito
The abundance of Fe is notably higher than those of other elements with similar atomic numbers
!!!!!!!
Tc and Pm do not occur in the solars system because all of their isotopes are unstable and decay rapidly
Thechnetium
Promethium
Diffuse mas of interstellar gas and dust
The solar nebula
Condensates accreted to form larger bodies as a result of selective adhesion caused by electrostatic and magenetic forces
Planetisimals
Even atomic numbers are greater in abundance than odd atomic numbers
Oddo-Harkins effect
Volatile-rich planetisimal composed of water, amonia, and other volatiles
Cometisimals
Chunks of rock from space that land on earth
Meteorites
Common minerals found in meteorites
Kamacite Taenite Pyroxene Olivine Plagioclase
Predominantly Ni-Fe alloys with minor amounts of other minerals such as troilite (FeS)
Iron Meteorites
Chiefly silicates, mostly ferromagnesians up to 1/4 metallic Ni-Fe types
Stone meteorites
Contains chondrules composed chiefly of silicates such as olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase or glass
Note: it also has the same composition as the sun’s atmosphere
Chondrites
Important type of chondrites, because it brought water to earth 4.4 b yrs ago
Carbonaceous chondrites - a diverse class of chondrites, they arre important because of the insights they provide into the early history of the solar system