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Pet pigs etc Flashcards

1
Q

How is polycystic kidney inherited and waht can it progress to

A

Autosomal dominant
Can progress to hydronephrosis

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2
Q

When do scrotal hernias tend to show up

A

Once pigs have grown a lot post-weaning

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3
Q

What are the two ways of getting cystitis/pyelonephritis and which organisms are assocaited with it

A

Ascending infection from boar natural service; typically actinobacillus suis

Environment associated with poor hygiene; typically E coli

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4
Q

What makes us think it is boar associated natural service vs environment causing cystitis/pyelonephritis

A

Natural service presents soon after service

Environment; see sporadic cases throughout repro cycle pigs

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5
Q

What can we do to try and prevent cystitis/pyelonephritis

A

Encourage drinking using drinkers
Urinary acidification; ammonium chloride

Screen boars for A suis
IMprove hygiene for E coli linked infections

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6
Q

Clinical signs of cystitis/pyelonephritis

A
  • Dull, arched back, fever, blood stained urine, anorexia
  • Can see acute sudden death
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7
Q

Which organisms might cause metritis

A

E coli, T pyogenes, Staphs, Streps, Proteus

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8
Q

3 times metritis can be got and what is it associated with

A
  • Acute form = early post-farrowing related to poor hygiene
  • Chronic form = post-weaning assocaited with retained placenta
  • Mid-gestation due to chronic/ascneding infection
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9
Q

Acute vs chronic signs and treatment of metritis

A

ACute: septicaemia/toxaemia, anorexic, high or low temp depending on if in shock, bloody discharge
- Affressive antibiotics and anti-inflammatories, oxytocin, fluids orally

Chronic: bright and eating still; low grade creamy discharge
- Long term antibiotics, cull

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10
Q

What does creamy profuse discharge post-service suggest

A

ACtually chronic metritis from unhygienic AI or ascending infection

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11
Q

What does creamy produce discharge during gestation suggest

A

Chronic metritis from previous pregnancy

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12
Q

What does blood stained discharge during gestation suggest

A

Cystitis/pyelonephritis
- Probably environmental i.e E coli

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13
Q

What are kidneys with red spots most likely to be from

A

PDNS; should review PCV2 vaccination protocol

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14
Q

What can white spotted kidneys; multifocal interstitial nephritis be assocaited with

A
  • often presumed to be leptospira
  • but high assocaited with PCV2 and parvo
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15
Q

What is the aetiology behind urolithiasis

A

Dietary calcium/phosphate imbalance - excess phosphate

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16
Q

Signs of urolithiasis and which individuals do we see it in

A

straining, tail flicking, rectal prolapse, abdominal enlargement, recumbency
+ can eventually get rupture and uroperitoneum

Just see it in castrated males due to narrow urethra

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17
Q

Dealing with urolithiasis

A

Correct diet
Urine acidification using ammonium chloride
Can do cystotomy

18
Q

Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse

A
  • High perineal score
  • Low body condition
  • Mycotoxins e.g zearalenone is oestrogenic to cause straining
    Constipation/enteritis

Increased prevotell

19
Q

How can we manage perineal score 3 pigs before farrowing

A

Give anti-inflammatories in 3 days pre-farrowing

20
Q

What type of penis do boars have

A

Fibroelastic penis with corkscrew at end

21
Q

What organisms are involved in acute mastitis

A

E coli
Klebsiella
Staph

Related to poor hygiene and teat damage by piglets nipping

22
Q

When do we see acute mastitis and how do we treat

A
  • Immediate antibiotics and anti-inflammatories, fluids, milk supplement piglets

Happens in 1-3 days post-farroing usually

23
Q

What happens in MMA syndrome

A

Circulating endotoxaemia inhibit prolactin production

> Could be due to metritis or mastitis
Or due to fat sows stopping eating after parturition causing gram -ve die off in gut and release of endotoxin

24
Q

Clinical signs of MMA ad how to treat/manage

A

Lethargic, dull, anorexic sows with udder oedema + hungry piglets

Treat with anti-biotics, anti-inflammatories, oxytocin and mild replacers
- Make sure sows don’t get too fat before farrowing; want at 3-3.5 BCS

25
Q

LEgal requirements of pig keeping to keep in mind for met pig owners

A
  • Need herd number
  • ban on kitchen waste feeing/mammalian protein
  • 20 day standstill after moving onto premises
    Walkng license
    Need ear tag/tattoo if over one year; or if going to slaughter at any age
26
Q

What BCS do we want a pet pig through adulthood and waht should their feed intake be as a % BW

A

Up to age of 8 BCS 2-2.5
1% BW intake

Once >8y/o let them go 2.5 to 3 BCS

27
Q

What parasites affect pig sin

A

Sarcoptic mange
Lice - haematopinus suis

See flaky, dry skin

28
Q

What is dippity pig

A

Autoimmune condition causing necrotising cellulitis and dermatitis in young pigs
Very painful
treat with steroids, antiseptic washes
Often self heal in a week

29
Q

How to treat erysipelas

A

Penicillin
+ review vaccination protocol

30
Q

What is a common cause of pet pigs going blind

A

Obesity; causing entropion

31
Q

What can cause congenital tremor

A

Congenital tremor
- Atypical porcine pestivirus
- CSF

32
Q

What nutritional things can cause neuro issues

A

Hypoglycaemia
Water deprivation

33
Q

What bacterial things can cause neuro issues

A

Strep suis
Abscesses e.g from tail bite, pressing on spinal cord

34
Q

What viral cause can cause neurological issues

A

Aujesky’s

35
Q

Where do we trim tusks to

A

2cm above gum margin to avoid entering pulp

36
Q

What gaseous anaesthesia do we use for pigs

A

Isoflurane
- Can trigger malignant hyperthermia if carrying gene

37
Q

What injectable anaesthesia do we use in pigs

A

Azaperone then ketamine for deep sedation

Can do ket butorphanol and xylazing in combo for anaesthesia

38
Q
A
39
Q
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40
Q
A

pigs (9 decks)

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