Pet pigs etc Flashcards
How is polycystic kidney inherited and waht can it progress to
Autosomal dominant
Can progress to hydronephrosis
When do scrotal hernias tend to show up
Once pigs have grown a lot post-weaning
What are the two ways of getting cystitis/pyelonephritis and which organisms are assocaited with it
Ascending infection from boar natural service; typically actinobacillus suis
Environment associated with poor hygiene; typically E coli
What makes us think it is boar associated natural service vs environment causing cystitis/pyelonephritis
Natural service presents soon after service
Environment; see sporadic cases throughout repro cycle pigs
What can we do to try and prevent cystitis/pyelonephritis
Encourage drinking using drinkers
Urinary acidification; ammonium chloride
Screen boars for A suis
IMprove hygiene for E coli linked infections
Clinical signs of cystitis/pyelonephritis
- Dull, arched back, fever, blood stained urine, anorexia
- Can see acute sudden death
Which organisms might cause metritis
E coli, T pyogenes, Staphs, Streps, Proteus
3 times metritis can be got and what is it associated with
- Acute form = early post-farrowing related to poor hygiene
- Chronic form = post-weaning assocaited with retained placenta
- Mid-gestation due to chronic/ascneding infection
Acute vs chronic signs and treatment of metritis
ACute: septicaemia/toxaemia, anorexic, high or low temp depending on if in shock, bloody discharge
- Affressive antibiotics and anti-inflammatories, oxytocin, fluids orally
Chronic: bright and eating still; low grade creamy discharge
- Long term antibiotics, cull
What does creamy profuse discharge post-service suggest
ACtually chronic metritis from unhygienic AI or ascending infection
What does creamy produce discharge during gestation suggest
Chronic metritis from previous pregnancy
What does blood stained discharge during gestation suggest
Cystitis/pyelonephritis
- Probably environmental i.e E coli
What are kidneys with red spots most likely to be from
PDNS; should review PCV2 vaccination protocol
What can white spotted kidneys; multifocal interstitial nephritis be assocaited with
- often presumed to be leptospira
- but high assocaited with PCV2 and parvo
What is the aetiology behind urolithiasis
Dietary calcium/phosphate imbalance - excess phosphate
Signs of urolithiasis and which individuals do we see it in
straining, tail flicking, rectal prolapse, abdominal enlargement, recumbency
+ can eventually get rupture and uroperitoneum
Just see it in castrated males due to narrow urethra
Dealing with urolithiasis
Correct diet
Urine acidification using ammonium chloride
Can do cystotomy
Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse
- High perineal score
- Low body condition
- Mycotoxins e.g zearalenone is oestrogenic to cause straining
Constipation/enteritis
Increased prevotell
How can we manage perineal score 3 pigs before farrowing
Give anti-inflammatories in 3 days pre-farrowing
What type of penis do boars have
Fibroelastic penis with corkscrew at end
What organisms are involved in acute mastitis
E coli
Klebsiella
Staph
Related to poor hygiene and teat damage by piglets nipping
When do we see acute mastitis and how do we treat
- Immediate antibiotics and anti-inflammatories, fluids, milk supplement piglets
Happens in 1-3 days post-farroing usually
What happens in MMA syndrome
Circulating endotoxaemia inhibit prolactin production
> Could be due to metritis or mastitis
Or due to fat sows stopping eating after parturition causing gram -ve die off in gut and release of endotoxin
Clinical signs of MMA ad how to treat/manage
Lethargic, dull, anorexic sows with udder oedema + hungry piglets
Treat with anti-biotics, anti-inflammatories, oxytocin and mild replacers
- Make sure sows don’t get too fat before farrowing; want at 3-3.5 BCS
LEgal requirements of pig keeping to keep in mind for met pig owners
- Need herd number
- ban on kitchen waste feeing/mammalian protein
- 20 day standstill after moving onto premises
Walkng license
Need ear tag/tattoo if over one year; or if going to slaughter at any age
What BCS do we want a pet pig through adulthood and waht should their feed intake be as a % BW
Up to age of 8 BCS 2-2.5
1% BW intake
Once >8y/o let them go 2.5 to 3 BCS
What parasites affect pig sin
Sarcoptic mange
Lice - haematopinus suis
See flaky, dry skin
What is dippity pig
Autoimmune condition causing necrotising cellulitis and dermatitis in young pigs
Very painful
treat with steroids, antiseptic washes
Often self heal in a week
How to treat erysipelas
Penicillin
+ review vaccination protocol
What is a common cause of pet pigs going blind
Obesity; causing entropion
What can cause congenital tremor
Congenital tremor
- Atypical porcine pestivirus
- CSF
What nutritional things can cause neuro issues
Hypoglycaemia
Water deprivation
What bacterial things can cause neuro issues
Strep suis
Abscesses e.g from tail bite, pressing on spinal cord
What viral cause can cause neurological issues
Aujesky’s
Where do we trim tusks to
2cm above gum margin to avoid entering pulp
What gaseous anaesthesia do we use for pigs
Isoflurane
- Can trigger malignant hyperthermia if carrying gene
What injectable anaesthesia do we use in pigs
Azaperone then ketamine for deep sedation
Can do ket butorphanol and xylazing in combo for anaesthesia
