Pig nervous sytem Flashcards
What do all causes of congenital tremors lead to
Hypomyelinogenesis, cerebellar hypoplasia
Then get mortality due to difficulty feeding and squashing
What is the most common infectious cause of congenital tremor
Atypical porcine pestivirus; exposure in utero
Must make sure breeding females are exposed BEFORE entering breeding herd
What are congenital A1 tremors assocaited wtih
Classical swine fever; due to sow infection at 10-50days gestation so piglets become persistently viraemic
`
What do piglets that survive congential tremors look like a few months later
Mild tremor /nystagmus only
Genetic association of congenital tremor
A3 = inhertied, male sex linked, associated with landrace breed A4 = inherited in Saddlebacks
Clinical signs, treatment and diagnosis of neonatal hypoglycaemia
Signs: weak, shivering pigs, tremors, ataxia, collapse, convulsions
Diagnosis = blood glucose <2.8mM
Treat with 15ml 20% glucose intraperitoneal injection
What is more common out of salt poisoning and water deprivation
Water deprivation much more common
Signs of salt poisoning/water deprivation
UNsettled, blidnness, ataxia, head pressing, consulions, drinking puddlings
Histology shows characteristics eosinophilic meningitis
Why must we add water back slowly after water deprivation
Too fast will cause cerebral oedema
What disease does strep suis cause in preweaning pigs and which serotype
Serotype 1
Ill thrift, fever, polyarthris, septicaemia, meningitis etc
What disease does strep suis cause in weaned pigs
Key one = meningitis; up to a week post-stress event
= ataxia, incoordination, convulsions etc
- Found dead
- Polyarthiris and lameness
- PLeuropneumonia with fibrin and dyspnoea
What signs cam zoonotic strep suis infection cause in humans
- Fever
- Deafness
- Meningitis
etc
Treating strep suis
Parenteral amoxicillin fr clinically infected and water metaphylaxis for whole group for 5 days
Can we vaccinate for strep suis
No commercial vaccine
- But can do autogenous vaccines; wait until after weaning to avoid mAb interference
Get natural immunity via gilt acclimitisation
What might be a cause of hind limb ataxia and weakness in pigs that have been tail biting
Pelvic abscesses
What organisms are implicated in abscess formation in pigs
T pyogenes, Strep suis, S aureus, F necrophorum
What type of pathogen causes aujesky’s disease
SHV1 alpha herpesvirus
Aujeszky disease how does it work
Get replication in the nose causing fibrinonectrotic rhinitis + goes down to lung epithelial cells causing necrotic bronchitis and alveolitis
Get latency in trigeminal ganglion + lymph nodes
What are the clinical signs of Aujesky’s like in different age group pigs
Adults mostly reproductive disease
Growers mostly respiratory disease; cough, dyspnoea, pneumonia etc
Weaners: CNS and resp
Piglets: CNS, respiratory, enteric
What disease is the cause of mad itch in other species
Aujesky’s disease
- = fatal in most species but not in pigs
Control of Aujesky’s disease
Notifiable with slaughter policy
What is Teschen disease
Polyencephalomyelitis due to picornavirus
= notifiable but not in the UK
What causes louping ill
Tick borne flavivirus of sheep; can cause encephalomyelitis with tremors etc in pigs
What is encephalomyocarditis virus assocaited with and what disease does it cause
Picornavirus associated with rodents
- Causes infertility in adults and neurological sudden death signs in piglets
How can tail bites lead to pathological fractures
Via vertebral abscessation which weakens bones
What lice infects pigs; signs and treatment
Haematopinus suis; sucking louse
Treated with avermectins
Causes dermatitis, weight loss, erythema; anaemia if heavy burden
Which mite affects pigs and what signs and treatment
Sarcoptes scabei
- Pruritis, chronic hyperkeratosis, reduced weight gain
Treat with ivermectin
What fly causes fly worry in pigs and how do we treat
Stomoxys calcitrans = a biting fly
Causes disturbances of sows during sickling, downgrading of carcase
Treat with cyromazine for larvae and pyrethroids for adults
When can pig pox cause issues
When naive breeding females infected and piglets born with congenital infection which is more severe and higher mortality
Presentation and trasmission of pig pox
= suipox virs
Spread b/w pigs, via lice/flies
See papules that crust over in young pigs; tends to be low mortality unless congenital form
What type of virus is Seneca Valley virus and what does it present similarly to
Picornavirus
Presents similar to FMDV and other swine vesicular disease
BUt usually subclinical
Signs with classical swine fever
Skin lesions
Diarrhoea
Resp disease
Conjunctivits
Tend to see issues across the herd (vs PDNS which is low prevalence and sporadic cases)
What bacterial infection can causes cyanosis of extremitites
Salmonella enterica cholerasuis
What is the causative agent of ear tip necrosis
Spirochaetes –> make granuloma
How does ear tip necrosis form
Build up of environmtnetal grease + intercurrent disease
–> ALlows opportunistic bacterial infection with spirochaetes, staphs which form lesions and crusting skin
Exacerbated by overcrowing
High fat diets contribute to grease
What bacteria is most implicated in greasy pig disease
Staph hyicus
Signs in greasy pig disease
Crusting lesions around face, non-pruritic, dull, inappetant
PRedisposing factors and treatment for greasy pig disease
PRedisposition: fighting between piglets due to low milk supply
Treatment = penicillin, antiseptics topically; can reduce teeth to stop fighting
What fungi cause ringworm in pigs and where are they from
T mentagrophytes from rates
T verrucosum from cattle
M canis from dogs
What does ringworm look like in pigs
Mild 1-5cm brown skin lesions with flaking skin
Treatment of ringworm in pigs
Eniconazole under cascade but needs 28day withdrawel from meat
What is vitamin A deficiency assocaited with in pigs
Neurological signs
What is panteothenic acid deficiency assocaited with
Lameness/posterior paralysis
What does zinc deficiency/malabsorption present as
Parakeratosis
- Crusting lesions of flank, belly and legs
Non-pruritis
Secondary infection where cracks are
reduced fertility
What can cause malabsorption of zinc
Excess soya
Excess Ca2+
Diarrhoea
What is tail/ear biting related to
Hunger
What should we do when we see tail/ear bites
Introduce manipulable enrichment material
Remove aggressor if early stages
Isolate bitten pigs and treat with antibiotics/NSAIDs
What are aural haematomas related to
HEad shaking in response to sarcoptic mange pruritis
Fighting
What signs does Teschen virus cause
Fever, paresis, convulsions
= polio-encephalmyelitis
