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pigs > Pig nervous sytem > Flashcards

Pig nervous sytem Flashcards

1
Q

What do all causes of congenital tremors lead to

A

Hypomyelinogenesis, cerebellar hypoplasia
Then get mortality due to difficulty feeding and squashing

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2
Q

What is the most common infectious cause of congenital tremor

A

Atypical porcine pestivirus; exposure in utero
Must make sure breeding females are exposed BEFORE entering breeding herd

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3
Q

What are congenital A1 tremors assocaited wtih

A

Classical swine fever; due to sow infection at 10-50days gestation so piglets become persistently viraemic
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4
Q

What do piglets that survive congential tremors look like a few months later

A

Mild tremor /nystagmus only

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5
Q

Genetic association of congenital tremor

A

A3 = inhertied, male sex linked, associated with landrace breed A4 = inherited in Saddlebacks

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6
Q

Clinical signs, treatment and diagnosis of neonatal hypoglycaemia

A

Signs: weak, shivering pigs, tremors, ataxia, collapse, convulsions
Diagnosis = blood glucose <2.8mM

Treat with 15ml 20% glucose intraperitoneal injection

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7
Q

What is more common out of salt poisoning and water deprivation

A

Water deprivation much more common

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8
Q

Signs of salt poisoning/water deprivation

A

UNsettled, blidnness, ataxia, head pressing, consulions, drinking puddlings
Histology shows characteristics eosinophilic meningitis

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9
Q

Why must we add water back slowly after water deprivation

A

Too fast will cause cerebral oedema

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10
Q

What disease does strep suis cause in preweaning pigs and which serotype

A

Serotype 1
Ill thrift, fever, polyarthris, septicaemia, meningitis etc

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11
Q

What disease does strep suis cause in weaned pigs

A

Key one = meningitis; up to a week post-stress event
= ataxia, incoordination, convulsions etc
- Found dead
- Polyarthiris and lameness
- PLeuropneumonia with fibrin and dyspnoea

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12
Q

What signs cam zoonotic strep suis infection cause in humans

A
  • Fever
  • Deafness
  • Meningitis
    etc
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13
Q

Treating strep suis

A

Parenteral amoxicillin fr clinically infected and water metaphylaxis for whole group for 5 days

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14
Q

Can we vaccinate for strep suis

A

No commercial vaccine
- But can do autogenous vaccines; wait until after weaning to avoid mAb interference
Get natural immunity via gilt acclimitisation

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15
Q

What might be a cause of hind limb ataxia and weakness in pigs that have been tail biting

A

Pelvic abscesses

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16
Q

What organisms are implicated in abscess formation in pigs

A

T pyogenes, Strep suis, S aureus, F necrophorum

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17
Q

What type of pathogen causes aujesky’s disease

A

SHV1 alpha herpesvirus

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18
Q

Aujeszky disease how does it work

A

Get replication in the nose causing fibrinonectrotic rhinitis + goes down to lung epithelial cells causing necrotic bronchitis and alveolitis

Get latency in trigeminal ganglion + lymph nodes

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19
Q

What are the clinical signs of Aujesky’s like in different age group pigs

A

Adults mostly reproductive disease
Growers mostly respiratory disease; cough, dyspnoea, pneumonia etc
Weaners: CNS and resp
Piglets: CNS, respiratory, enteric

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20
Q

What disease is the cause of mad itch in other species

A

Aujesky’s disease
- = fatal in most species but not in pigs

21
Q

Control of Aujesky’s disease

A

Notifiable with slaughter policy

22
Q

What is Teschen disease

A

Polyencephalomyelitis due to picornavirus
= notifiable but not in the UK

23
Q

What causes louping ill

A

Tick borne flavivirus of sheep; can cause encephalomyelitis with tremors etc in pigs

24
Q

What is encephalomyocarditis virus assocaited with and what disease does it cause

A

Picornavirus associated with rodents
- Causes infertility in adults and neurological sudden death signs in piglets

25
Q

How can tail bites lead to pathological fractures

A

Via vertebral abscessation which weakens bones

26
Q

What lice infects pigs; signs and treatment

A

Haematopinus suis; sucking louse
Treated with avermectins
Causes dermatitis, weight loss, erythema; anaemia if heavy burden

27
Q

Which mite affects pigs and what signs and treatment

A

Sarcoptes scabei
- Pruritis, chronic hyperkeratosis, reduced weight gain
Treat with ivermectin

28
Q

What fly causes fly worry in pigs and how do we treat

A

Stomoxys calcitrans = a biting fly
Causes disturbances of sows during sickling, downgrading of carcase

Treat with cyromazine for larvae and pyrethroids for adults

29
Q

When can pig pox cause issues

A

When naive breeding females infected and piglets born with congenital infection which is more severe and higher mortality

30
Q

Presentation and trasmission of pig pox

A

= suipox virs
Spread b/w pigs, via lice/flies
See papules that crust over in young pigs; tends to be low mortality unless congenital form

31
Q

What type of virus is Seneca Valley virus and what does it present similarly to

A

Picornavirus
Presents similar to FMDV and other swine vesicular disease
BUt usually subclinical

32
Q

Signs with classical swine fever

A

Skin lesions
Diarrhoea
Resp disease
Conjunctivits

Tend to see issues across the herd (vs PDNS which is low prevalence and sporadic cases)

33
Q

What bacterial infection can causes cyanosis of extremitites

A

Salmonella enterica cholerasuis

34
Q

What is the causative agent of ear tip necrosis

A

Spirochaetes –> make granuloma

35
Q

How does ear tip necrosis form

A

Build up of environmtnetal grease + intercurrent disease
–> ALlows opportunistic bacterial infection with spirochaetes, staphs which form lesions and crusting skin

Exacerbated by overcrowing
High fat diets contribute to grease

36
Q

What bacteria is most implicated in greasy pig disease

A

Staph hyicus

37
Q

Signs in greasy pig disease

A

Crusting lesions around face, non-pruritic, dull, inappetant

38
Q

PRedisposing factors and treatment for greasy pig disease

A

PRedisposition: fighting between piglets due to low milk supply
Treatment = penicillin, antiseptics topically; can reduce teeth to stop fighting

39
Q

What fungi cause ringworm in pigs and where are they from

A

T mentagrophytes from rates
T verrucosum from cattle
M canis from dogs

40
Q

What does ringworm look like in pigs

A

Mild 1-5cm brown skin lesions with flaking skin

41
Q

Treatment of ringworm in pigs

A

Eniconazole under cascade but needs 28day withdrawel from meat

42
Q

What is vitamin A deficiency assocaited with in pigs

A

Neurological signs

43
Q

What is panteothenic acid deficiency assocaited with

A

Lameness/posterior paralysis

44
Q

What does zinc deficiency/malabsorption present as

A

Parakeratosis
- Crusting lesions of flank, belly and legs
Non-pruritis
Secondary infection where cracks are
reduced fertility

45
Q

What can cause malabsorption of zinc

A

Excess soya
Excess Ca2+
Diarrhoea

46
Q

What is tail/ear biting related to

A

Hunger

47
Q

What should we do when we see tail/ear bites

A

Introduce manipulable enrichment material
Remove aggressor if early stages
Isolate bitten pigs and treat with antibiotics/NSAIDs

48
Q

What are aural haematomas related to

A

HEad shaking in response to sarcoptic mange pruritis
Fighting

49
Q

What signs does Teschen virus cause

A

Fever, paresis, convulsions
= polio-encephalmyelitis

pigs (9 decks)

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