pestana: urology Flashcards
which one has fever, pyuria, and a tender cord: testciular torsion or epididymitis?
epididymitis
how to treat epididymitis
antibiotics (but do US to r/o torsion)
obstruction and infection of urinary tract presentation
patient passes ureteral stone
spontaneous fever spike and flank pain
obstruction and infection of urinary tract treatment
emergency- decompression above the obstruction (nephrostomy or stent)
and abx
erection lasting over 4 hours treated how
stick needles into erect penis and draw out blood
sonogram, CT, cystoscopy: what indications are best for these urological imaging?
sonogram: dilation, obstruction
CT: renal tumors
cystoscopy: detect early bladder cancers
what to avoid in prostatitis?
rectal exams
acute bacterial prostatitis symptoms
chills, fever, dysria, frequency, low back pain, tender prostates
most common reason for a newborn boy not to urinate 1st day of life
posterior urethral valves
diagnosis and treatment of posterior urethral valves
diagnostic: voiding cystourethrogram
treat: endoscopic fulguration or resection
what should be avoided in hypospadias
circumcision (needed for plastic reconstruction)
vesicoureteral reflux diagnosis and treatment
diagnostic: voiding cystourethrogram
treat: antibiotics until grows out of it
what to suspect if little girl is wet with urine all the time?
low implantation of ureter
what is this: adolescent goes on beer binge (large diuresis to follow) and develops colicky flank pain
uteropelvic junction obstruction
most common presentation for cancers of the kidney, ureter, bladder
hematuria
work up for hematuria
CT
cystoscopy
renal cell carc presentation
hematuria, flank pain, flank mass
hypercalcemia, RBCs high, liver enzymes high
treatment of RCC
surgery
cancer of bladder (transitional cell)’s biggest risk factor
smoking
treatment for bladder cancer
surgery and intravesical BCG
acute urinary retention therapy
alpha blockers
foley catheter to remove urine for 3 days
5 alpha reductase inhibitors for large glands
surgery last resort
causes of urinary retention
post op: meds, pain
antihistamines, nasal drops
a 3 mm kidney stone at uterovesicular jxn handled how?
wait: analgesics, fluids
most common intervention for kidney stones
ESWL: extracorpeal shock-wave lithotripsy
pneumaturia caused by
fistulization between bladder and GI tract (sigmoid)
- caused by diverticulitis, or cancer
hyperacute rejection of organ presentation
vascular thrombosis within minutes of reestablishing blood supply
hyperacute rejection of organ cause
preformed antibodies (prevented by ABO matching)
acute rejection of organ- time frame
5 days- 3 months
chronic rejection time frame
years after transplant: gradual loss of organ function
