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Surgery > pestana: skin, optho, ENT > Flashcards

pestana: skin, optho, ENT Flashcards

1
Q

basal cell carcinoma presentation

A

upper face
timetable measured in years
does not metastasize- locally invades

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2
Q

what size margins when excising basal cell carc?

A

1 mm margins

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3
Q

squamous cell carc presentation

A

lower lip, and body
timetable measured in months
metastasizes to lymph nodes

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4
Q

what size margins when excising squamous cell carc presentation

A

0.5-2 cm

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5
Q

melanomas less than how many mm only require local excision?

A

1 mm

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6
Q

best chance at treating the unpredictable melanoma mets

A

interferon

targeted therapy- dacarbazine, pembrolizumab

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7
Q

amblyopia cause (lazy eye)

A

interference of brain processing images during first 6-7 years of life

faced with two overlapping images –> brain suppresses one of them –> strabismus

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8
Q

what will happen if amblyopia not corrected early on

A

permanent cortical blindness of suppressed eye

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9
Q

if strabismus (cross eye) develops later in infancy, what is the cause of the problem

A

refraction difficulties- get corrective glasses

not a true strabismus

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10
Q

white pupil in baby means

A

optho emergency! like retinoblastoma!

even tho could be congenital cataract

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11
Q

acute angle closure glaucoma presentation

A

severe eye pain, frontal HA

starting in evening when pupils dilated

female asian- halos around lights

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12
Q

acute angle closure glaucoma on physical exam

A

mid dilated, doesnt react to light

cornea cloudy, green ish hue

eye feels hard as a rock

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13
Q

treat acute angle closure glaucoma

A

surgery- drain fluid

meds: CA inhibitors, topical beta blockers, alpha 2 agonists

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14
Q

what is this: eye lids hot tender, red, swollen. patient is febrile. When eyelids pried open, pupil is dilated and fixed with limited motion

A

orbital cellulitis

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15
Q

diagnose and treat orbital cellulitis

A

emergency CT and drainage

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16
Q

retinal detachment presentation

A

flashes of lights and “floaters” in the eye (the more floaters, the worse it is)

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17
Q

retinal detachment treatment

A

emergency- laser “spot welding”

18
Q

embolic occlusion of retinal artery presentation

A

elderly

sudden loss of vision from one eye

19
Q

in how many minutes will damage be irreversible in embolic occlusion of retinal artery

A

30 minutes! emergency!

20
Q

thyroglossal duct cyst location and size

A

midline, level of hyoid, connected to tongue

1-2 cm

21
Q

branchial cleft cysts location

A

along anterior edge of sternocleidomastoid

22
Q

cystic hygroma location

A

base of neck

occupies entrire supraclavicular area and extends deeply

23
Q

when should you start workup of enlarged lymph nodes

A

history of >4 weeks

24
Q

lymphoma presentation- age and symptoms

A

young people

multiple enlarged nodes
fever, night sweats

25
Q

which primary tumor usually produces mets to supraclavicular node?

A

lung, intraabdominal

26
Q

squamous cell carc of mucosa of head/neck population

A

old men who smoke, drink, rotten teeth

AIDS

27
Q

squamous cell carc of mucosa of head/neck presentation

A

persistent hoarseness
persistent painless ulcer in floor of mouth
persistent unilateral earache

28
Q

squamous cell carc of mucosa of head/neck workup

A

triple endoscopy- look for primary tumors
biopsy
CT to show extent

29
Q

squamous cell carc of mucosa of head/neck treatment

A

resection
radial neck dissection
platinum chemo, RT

30
Q

what should you suspect in an adult who has sensory hearing loss in one ear but not the other? and what testing to do?

A

acoustic nerve neuroma

MRI

31
Q

what shoud you suspect with GRADUAL vs SUDDEN ONSET unilateral facial nerve paralysis (upper and lower)

A

gradual: facial nerve tumor
sudden: bell’s palsy

32
Q

most common parotid tumor

A

pleomorphic adenomas- benign but capable of malignancy

33
Q

benign or malignant parotid tumor? painful and hard

A

malignant

34
Q

what is contraindicated for imaging for parotid tumor?

A

FNA

35
Q

treat parotid tumor

A

formal superficial parotidectomy

in malignant: nerve sacrificed, graft done

36
Q

whats most common cause of unilateral ENT problems in toddlers?

A

foreign bodies

37
Q

ludwig angina

A

abscess of floor of mouth (result of bad tooth inf)

38
Q

treating bell’s palsy

A

antivirals- early!

steroids

39
Q

what is this: diplopia, facial pain, high fever in patient with frontal or ethmoid sinusitis

A

cavernous sinus thrombosis- emergency!

40
Q

treating cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

IV abx for 3-4 weeks

drain

41
Q

prime suspects for 18 year old with nose bleed

A

cocaine abuse- septal perf

juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

Surgery (22 decks)

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