medicine 3

Question 1

how does sodium influence Ca oxalate stones?

Answer 1

high sodium –> more Ca excretion

low sodium –> Na and Ca absorption

so dont consume high sodium!

Question 2

nephrotic syndrome complications

Answer 2

Hypercoagulable

protein malnutrition

infection

vit D deficiency

iron- res microcytic hypochormic anemia

Question 3

what is most common manifestation of nephrotic syndrome’s hypercoagulability?

Answer 3

renal vein thrombosis

Question 4

elderly male patient with agitation, tachycardia, and lower abdominal pain 2 days following surgery repair of hip fracture likely has…

Answer 4

acute urinary retention

Question 5

muddy brown casts…

Answer 5

acute tubular necrosis

Question 6

RBC casts

Answer 6

glomerulonephritis

Question 7

WBC casts

Answer 7

interstitial nephritis and pylenephritis

Question 8

fatty casts

Answer 8

nephrotic syndrome

Question 9

broad and waxy casts

Answer 9

chronic renal failure

Question 10

how does seizure cause metabolic acidosis

Answer 10

skeletal muscle hypoxia –> inc. lactic acid

Question 11

how long does postictal lactic acidosis last?

Answer 11

90 minutes, self-limiting

Question 12

lung hilar mass + hyponatremia. think…

Answer 12

small cell lung cancer- SIADH

Question 13

what tests to do before starting amiodarone

Answer 13

pulm: CXR and PFT

thryoid test

Question 14

a hx of URI followed by heart failure suggests

Answer 14

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 15

dilated cardiomyoapthy on echo

Answer 15

dilated ventricles

diffuse hypokinesia- low EF

Question 16

preferred treatment for aortic dissection

Answer 16

beta blockers

Question 17

most frequent location of ectopic foci of a fib

Answer 17

pulmonary vein

Question 18

complications of primary biliary cholangitis

Answer 18

hepatocellular carcinoma

metabolic bone dz (osteomalacia/porosis)

malabsorption, fat soluble vitamin deficiencies

Question 19

squatting decreases what type of murmurs

Answer 19

MVP, HCM

Question 20

squatting increases what type of murmurs

Answer 20

AR, MR, VSD

Question 21

murmurs that get louder with valsalva

Answer 21

MVP, HCM

Question 22

murmurs that get louder with standing

Answer 22

MVP, HCM

Question 23

murmurs that get louder with handgrip

Answer 23

AR, MR, VSD

Question 24

murmurs that decrease with handgrip

Answer 24

HCM, AS

Question 25

treatment for chronic venous insufficiency

Answer 25

leg elevation, compression stockings

Question 26

PAS positive material in lamina propria, think

Answer 26

Whipple’s dz

Question 27

pulsus paradoxus occurs in…

Answer 27

cardiac tamponade

asthma, COPD

Question 28

diagnose fibromuscular dysplasia

Answer 28

CT or duplex US