medicine 3 Flashcards
how does sodium influence Ca oxalate stones?
high sodium –> more Ca excretion
low sodium –> Na and Ca absorption
so dont consume high sodium!
nephrotic syndrome complications
Hypercoagulable
protein malnutrition
infection
vit D deficiency
iron- res microcytic hypochormic anemia
what is most common manifestation of nephrotic syndrome’s hypercoagulability?
renal vein thrombosis
elderly male patient with agitation, tachycardia, and lower abdominal pain 2 days following surgery repair of hip fracture likely has…
acute urinary retention
muddy brown casts…
acute tubular necrosis
RBC casts
glomerulonephritis
WBC casts
interstitial nephritis and pylenephritis
fatty casts
nephrotic syndrome
broad and waxy casts
chronic renal failure
how does seizure cause metabolic acidosis
skeletal muscle hypoxia –> inc. lactic acid
how long does postictal lactic acidosis last?
90 minutes, self-limiting
lung hilar mass + hyponatremia. think…
small cell lung cancer- SIADH
what tests to do before starting amiodarone
pulm: CXR and PFT
thryoid test
a hx of URI followed by heart failure suggests
dilated cardiomyopathy
dilated cardiomyoapthy on echo
dilated ventricles
diffuse hypokinesia- low EF
preferred treatment for aortic dissection
beta blockers
most frequent location of ectopic foci of a fib
pulmonary vein
complications of primary biliary cholangitis
hepatocellular carcinoma
metabolic bone dz (osteomalacia/porosis)
malabsorption, fat soluble vitamin deficiencies
squatting decreases what type of murmurs
MVP, HCM
squatting increases what type of murmurs
AR, MR, VSD
murmurs that get louder with valsalva
MVP, HCM
murmurs that get louder with standing
MVP, HCM
murmurs that get louder with handgrip
AR, MR, VSD
murmurs that decrease with handgrip
HCM, AS
treatment for chronic venous insufficiency
leg elevation, compression stockings
PAS positive material in lamina propria, think
Whipple’s dz
pulsus paradoxus occurs in…
cardiac tamponade
asthma, COPD
diagnose fibromuscular dysplasia
CT or duplex US
