medicine 4 Flashcards
diagnosis of toxic megacolon
abdominal x ray
how much does AST to be greater than ALT to be alcohol related?
1.5x higher
which dz has elevated AST, ALT, alk phos, and p-ANCA
primary sclerosing cholangitis
primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with which disease
ulcerative colitis
what should be suspected in patient with cirrhosis and ascites who presents with fever, abdominal pain, and altered mental status
spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
hallmarks of secretory diarrhea
large daily stool volumes
happen during fasting or sleep
secretory diarrhea vs osmotic diarrhea in terms of osmotic gap (plasma vs fecal)
secretory: reduced gap
osmotic: elevated gap (>125)
stool osmotic gap formula
= plasma osmolality - 2 x (stool Na + stool K+)
epigastric pain alleviated by nitroglycerin. think…
esophageal spasms
diagnosis of esophageal spasm
manometry
first line for esophageal spasm
CCBs
triad of allergic interstitial nephritis
rash
fever
acute renal failure
HTN effect kidneys
arteriosclerotic afferent and efferent renal arterioles and glomerular capillary tufts
manage simple vs malignant renal cysts
simple: nothing if asx
malignant: follow up imaging and eval
simple vs malignant renalcyst features
simple: unilocular, no septae, homogenous,
malignant: multi, septae, heterogenous
