Persuasive Pretest Interview--week 2 Flashcards
What are the six principles of ethical influence?
1) Reciprocity 2) Commitment/Consistency 3) Social Proof/Consensus 4) Liking 5) Authority 6) Scarcity
What are the four common steps for a polygraph examination
1) Pretest 2) Test 3) Test Data Analysis 4) Post Test
Reciprocity, Scarcity, Authority, Consistency, Liking, and Consensus are considered to be what?
The six principles of ethical influence
Explain Reciprocity
1) How we treat them will determine how they treat us.
2) How they wish to be addressed.
3) Acknowledged stressful situation.
4) Secure agreement of cooperation.
5 ) Agree to correct each eachother’s errors.
6) Be the first to give.
Explain Commitment/Consistency
1) Sign a “truth agreement” 2) I expect them to be truthful and my job is to hold them accountable 3) commitment is voluntary, public, and active 4) a small initial commitment
Explain “Liking”
Build rapport Find similarities Be genuine Go out of my way to do things for them (get them a bottle of water)
Explain Social Proof`
This is the principle of “safety in numbers” Everyone else is nervous who takes this test. Look at the mutual benefits. Let them know I’m good at putting them at ease
Explain the principle of Authority
Using this principle the examinee feels obligated or duty-bound to respond to people in authority. Not as in POLICE but as in SUBJECT MATTER EXPERT authority. I’m involved to bring a fair resolution. What makes me credible?
Explain Ethical Influence
1) We want to influence people to be truthful. 2) We want to influence people ethically.
Explain Scarcity
Few people have this opportunity to meet with a neutral person My time as an examiner is valuable and limited Tell about the benefits and its uniqueness
Define Pretest
The earliest portion of the polygraph exam where the examiner and examinee discuss the test, procedure, medical history, and details of the test issues or issues. It prepares the examinee for the test. It can be minutes or hours long. All polygraph examinations use a pre-test interview.
Goals of a Pretest
1) Develop RAPPORT 2) avoid adding to the examinee’s authentic emotional reaction to test questions. 3) Provide a non-threatening non-confrontational environment 4) Avoids causing confusion or increasing cognitive demands regarding the test stimuli 5) Avoids altering the natural and authentic sensitization and habituation processes that occur in deceptive and truthful persons
Steps for Polygraph What step is “pretest”?
step one
Steps for Polygraph What step is “test phase?”
step two
Steps for Polygraph What step is “test data analysis?”
step three
Steps for Polygraph What step is “post test?”
step four
Six Principles of Ethical Influence Name the missing principle Reciprocity Commitment/Consistency Social Proof Liking Authority
Scarcity
Six Principles of Ethical Influence Name the missing principle Commitment/Consistency Social Proof Liking Authority Scarcity
Reciprocity
Six Principles of Ethical Influence Name the missing principle Reciprocity Social Proof Liking Authority Scarcity
Commitment/Consistency
Six Principles of Ethical Influence Name the missing principle Reciprocity Commitment/Consistency Liking Authority Scarcity
Social Proof
Six Principles of Ethical Influence Name the missing principle Reciprocity Commitment/Consistency Social Proof Authority Scarcity
Liking
Six Principles of Ethical Influence Name the missing principle Reciprocity Commitment/Consistency Social Proof Liking Scarcity
Authority
Name the 8 steps of a pretest
1) Preparation 2) Introduction 3) Overview 4) Rights/Advisement 5) Biographical Data Collection 6) Free Narrative–discuss the issue 7) Polygraph explanation 8) Acquaintance Test/Question Introduction
Describe the goal of a pretest for a truthful person
1) habituate the examinee to the impact of being questioned 2) desensitize the examinee to the relevant issue
Describe the goal of a pretest for a deceptive person
1) sensitize the examinee to their own deception 2) allow the examinee to relive the event 3) build a response potential by allowing the examinee to lie in the free narrative
during the Free Narrative, the liar is allowed to lie because
it sensitizes the examinee to the most salient issue
during the Free Narrative, what habituates the truthful person?
Allowing the examinee to hear, without harassment or duress, the test questions
Define Salience
The state or quality of standing out relative to other stimuli. A vital subconscious process that helps an organism effectively use limited attentional resources, and facilitate survival The strength of the relationship between a response and a reinforcer or outcome. In general, as the intensity of the outcome increases, the intensity of the response increases. In the framework of polygraphy testing, the intensity of arousal will increase commensurate with perceived salience of stimuli as they relate to the subjects goal, standards, and attitudes
Define differential salience
Based on the premise that responsivity can reveal underlying mental processes that can be exploited to detect deception or recognition under controlled or structured conditions. It does not restrict the operating mechanism to fear, but assumes cognitive and emotional processes
Explain the reason for Relevant and Comparison questions.
A polygraph is designed to channel an examinee’s salience to questions that are designed for innocent subjects (Comparison Questions) or questions that are designed for guilty subjects (Relevant Questions).
Define Relevant Question
A question that is asked during a polygraph exam that directly pertains to the matter under investigation for which the examinee is being tested. “Did you know that man?” “Did you steal any of that money?”
Define Comparison Question
Designed so the examinee lies. Probable Lie Question–question about a misdeed that the examinee has most likely engaged in or considered and then is manipulated into lying about the answer. “In your entire life did you ever steal anything?” Directed Lie Question–a question asked of the examinee to which he is told to lie to. Tell me “No.” “In your entire life did you ever tell a lie?”
Theory of Comparison Questions
The Relevant and Comparison questions are presented equally to the examinee and the examinee develops salience toward one of the catagories of questions and the responses are evaluated against eachother.
Pretest Interview Phase 1 Preparation
1) Function check 2) talk with case agent 3) review case file 4) obtain photo of examinee 5) ensure room is ready 6) Open polygraph file and start any necessary forms
Pretest Interview Phase 1 Preparation Question prep
Diagnostic exams–formulate relevant test areas and plan strategy for Comparisons. Probable Lie Comparisons or Directed Lie Comparisons Screening exams–Relevant questions (standard?) consult with hiring officials
Pretest Interview Phase 2 Introduction
Get on a first-name basis unless the examinee is much lower on the socioeconomic scale. Firm and friendly handshake. Build rapport. Inquire about them and their day. Ask about their plans for the day. Establish that the examinee is there voluntarily. Begin implementation of the 6 principles of influence. Remove cell phones. Ask open-ended questions.
Pretest Interview Phase 3 Overview
Tell them briefly what to expect. Tell the examinee that the test could take a couple of hours. Tell them about forms, biographical information collection. You need to be certain they are a suitable candidate for the test. You will give them a chance to tell their side of the story. You will formulate questions together and then you will administer a practice test. Give them a chance to answer any questions. They will know the results of the exam before they leave. I have no reason not to believe them. Point out visible recording devices. They have to be 100% truthful. Anything less than 100% is Deceptive.
Pretest Interview Phase 4 Consent/Miranda
Inform them of rights and obtain signatures. This exam is voluntary. Ask them “Why are you here today?” “Have you ever taken a polygraph exam before?” Ask for photo identification.
Pretest Interview Phase 5 Biographical Data Collection
Cover health, past poly history, and any other relevant history. It is my ethical responsibility to ensure the examinee is suitable to take the polygraph exam. This includes physical and psychological suitability. This information lays the foundation for the Comparison Questions. Ask open-ended questions.
Pretest Interview Phase 6 Free Narrative
The examinee is asked to tell his story. He is not interrupted or challenged. Examiner may ask clarifying questions, but do not interrogate. Ask questions, but do not sensitize the examinee. Ask them what they know about the crime. Once they have told you all they know, then you may tell them the simple case facts. The examinee must be made to relive the crime.
Pretest Interview Phase 7 Explain Polygraph
Attach components during explanation. Continue to explain that they know it is wrong to lie. Convince them the polygraph instrument works. Stress importance of being 100% truthful to ALL questions (PLC).
Pretest Interview Phase 7 Explain Polygraph instrument
To help put your mind at rest…diagnostic tool. It records physiological changes that take place in your body (CNS). Changes in your respiration, sweat gland activity, and blood pressure will be recorded. I will place a number of sensors on you. Explain pneumo tubes Explain BP cuff. Cuff will be inflated for 6-7 minutes of each chart. Explain EDA sensors
Pretest Interview Phase 7 Explain Polygraph instrument Lying
Sensors record aspects of the involuntary responses of your body. Remember when you were taught right from wrong?…
Psychological Theory of Polygraph
Emotional Cognitive Behavioral Conditioning
Psychological Theory of Polygraph Emotional What are some considerations concerning emotions? What are questions you will ask?
Did you do it? Do you have any fear concerning this issue? How do you feel about this stimulus question? Are you going to react to this stimulus?
Psychological Theory of Polygraph Cognition What are some considerations concerning Cognition?. What are questions you will ask?
Did you do it? Are you going to think about anything in particular regarding this stimulus question? Do you remember being involved in the stimulus issue? Is there anything about this stimulus that causes you to think about anything you have done? Do not confuse the examinee.
Psychological Theory of Polygraph Behavioral Conditioning What are some considerations concerning Behavior. What are questions you will ask?
Did you do it? Are you going to react when I ask this question? Do you have any behavioral experience that would cause you to react to this stimulus? Avoid over-sensitizing or over-desensitizing the authentic reaction.
Pretest Interview Phase 7 Explain Polygraph instrument Moving Instructions
Do not move. Explain the sensor pad. If these instructions are not followed, then you will be considered uncooperative and the test will be terminated.
Pretest Interview Phase 8 Acquaintance Test
Explain benefits of Acquaintance Test.
Pretest Interview Phase 8 Review Questions
Review ALL questions. Make sure they understand all the questions. Do all the Relevant Questions pertain to the matter under investigation?
Pretest Interview Phase 8 Review Questions–order
1) sacrifice relevant – non-accusatory 2) Relevant–clear & concise 3) Comparison–broad in scope 4) Neutral–allow orienting response 5) Introductory–helps assure no un-reviewed questions asked and dissipates general nervousness. “do you understand I will only ask you questions we have discussed?”
People
Increase
Our
Right
Before
Free
People
Acquaint
8 Steps to Pretest Interview
Prepare
Introduction
Overview
Rights
Biographical
Polygraph explain
Acquaintance Test/Question review
