Perspective / Spatial Quality

Question 1

perspective

Answer 1

the constructed or pictorial representation of an object or space on a 2-D surface, using resources that convey an impression of spatial depth or solid quality

Question 2

3-D vision

Answer 2

the result of binocularity (seeing with 2 eyes). each eye produces an image, brain combines the 2 to create a spatial image.

Question 3

light and shadow (3D)

Answer 3

creates the 3D, plastic impression made by an object or solid. shadow: created whenever there is a light source, an object, and a projection area (the nature of the light source (focused or general) and its position in relation to the object create 3D)

Question 4

types of shadow

Answer 4

object shadow: the shadow cast by an object itself on the side not facing light. hard shadow (umbra): darkest part of shadow. soft shadow (penumbra): the area of partial shadow between regions of hard shadow and full illumination

Question 5

achieving 3-D effect

Answer 5

differences in size, overlapping elements, nuances of light/dark color, color shading, differences in focus

Question 6

Alberti’s Frame

Answer 6

Leon Battista Alberti developed a square wooden frame with horizontal and vertical threads stretched across at regular intervals. made it easy to transfer a spatial situation observed visually to drawing board.

Question 7

central perspective

Answer 7

parallel edges are not presented as parallel, but meet at imaginary point. one horizon, one vanishing point for all orthogonal lines (having right angles) running vertically to the plane of the picture.

Question 8

golden rules of central perspective (6)

Answer 8

1. front view of object is depicted with correct proportions/angles
2. object placed parallel with plane of picture
3. all lines vertical (perpendicular) to plane meet at vanishing point
4. all lines parallel to plane are foreshortened
5. all lines parallel to plane remain parallel
6. all angles formed by lines placed vertically (perpendicular) to plane change

Question 9

diagonal perspective

Answer 9

two vanishing points. object placed diagonally to plane.

Question 10

color perspective

Answer 10

in normal light/weather conditions, objects far away will seem lighter in color (the light is scattered by intervening layers of air/dust particles.

Question 11

cold vs. warm colors (perspective)

Answer 11

warm colors: thrust forwards, foreground. cold colors: hold back, background

Question 12

aerial perspective

Answer 12

an impression of depth is created by the fact that contrasts diminish from front to back and brightness increases from front to back

Question 13

components of a perspective diagram

Answer 13

1. eye level: horizon shifts up or down according
2. viewpoint: the point at the viewer’s eye level
3. standpoint: where the viewer is standing (as a rule: 1.6m)
4. picture plane: between viewpoint and the object, where the object is depicted
5. distance: presumed distance between viewer’s eye and plane
6. vanishing lines: the edges of an object running into the depth of the picture
7. base area/line: right angles to plane
8. horizon line: line on plane at level of viewpoint

Question 14

parallel perspective

Answer 14

perspective view of solid/space without vanishing points. all parallel lines run parallel in drawing. one side drawn from front, true to scale. other sides at 45 or 30 degree angles and foreshortened by half.