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psycopathology > Personaloty Disorders > Flashcards

Personaloty Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are personality disorder?

A

An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individuals culture

Chronic and pervasive

Causes impairment/ distress/ lack insight

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2
Q

What is the epidemiology of personality disorders?

A

6%

Vary by gender

Onset and course:

In childhood-adolescence with behaviors solidifying with age(often not diagnosed til adult )

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3
Q

What is the etiology of personality disorders?

A

Genetic factors:

  • supported by twin studies
  • evidence that a person may inherit certain temperament and traits e.g. shyness

Environmental factors:
-Through interaction with the environment, behaviors are shaped by operant and social learning

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4
Q

How can personality disorders be treated?

A

Psychotherapy
-long term process where trust building relationship where the patient can practice different ways to behave.

Pharmological
1. Generally not utilized but could help co-morbid symptoms (e.g. anxiety)

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5
Q

What is the prognosis of personality disirder?

A

Due to disinterest in treatment and difficult unlearning behaviors, prognosis is poor

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6
Q

What are the diagnostic issues of personality disorders?

A

A person can have more than 1 personality disorders then another psychiatric disorder (e.g. MDD)

A person may have several symptoms without meeting with the full diagnostic.

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7
Q

Describe cluster A personality disorders and give examples

A

Cluster A: accusatory, awkward and aloof

  • paranoid- accusatory
  • schizotypal-awkward
  • schizoid-aloof
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8
Q

Describe cluster B personality disorder and give examples

A

Cluster B:Bad, Borderline, flamBoyant, must be the best

Antisocial- Bad

Borderline- borderline

Histrionic - flamboyant

Narcissistic - must be the best

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9
Q

Describe cluster C personality disorders and give an example

A

Cluster C: coward, obsessive-compulsive and clingy

Avoidant - coward

Obsessive-compulsive

-dependent - submissive and clingy

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10
Q

What is paranoid personality disorder?

A

Distrust and suspicious

Suspicious that others are exploitative/deceptive

Unjustified doubts of loyalty

Reluctance to confide

Reads hidden, threatening meaning into remarks

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11
Q

Contrast delusional disorder with paranoid personality disorder

A

Paranoid personality - thought is suspected, but delusional it is believed with certainty

Onset of paranoid personality is gradual during childhood and has pervasive paranoia

Onset of delusional disorder is sudden, occurs in middle age and focus on a single paranoid theme

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12
Q

What is schizoid personality disorder?

A

Lacks desire for close relationships(differentiates it from social anxiety)
Lacks close friends
Prefers solitary activities
Derived pleasure in few activities
Indifference to praise/ criticism
Emotion coldness, detachment or flat affect

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13
Q

What is schizotypal personality disorder?

A
  • social and interpersonal deficits with acute discomfort with and reduced capacity for close relay
  • odd speech/thinking
  • believes in paranormal phenomenon
  • ideas of reference
  • odd appearance/behavior
  • unusual perceptual experiences
  • suspiciousness(often results in social anxiety)
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14
Q

What is the premorbid personality of schizophrenia?

A

Schizotypal

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15
Q

How can people with histrionic personality be treated?

A

The goal of treatment is to help the person clarify and express real emotions

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16
Q

What is borderline personality disorder ?

A

Relationships are unstable with alternating idealization and devaluation(“splitting”)

Frantically avoids abandonment

  • intense uncontrolled anger
  • marked reactivity of mood
  • chronic feelings of emptiness
  • unstable self image
  • self damaging impulsivity
  • suicidal gestures/self-mutation
  • Transient stress-related dissociative/paranoid symptoms
17
Q

How can borderline personality disorder be treated?

A

Dialectal behavioral therapy-CBT

Helped with emotional regulation and distress tolerance

18
Q

What is narcissistic personality disorder?

A
  • grandiose sense of self worth/importance
  • preoccupied with success
  • requires admiration
  • sense of entitlement.
  • interpersonally exploitive
  • lacks empathy and has haughty

Narcissistic injury- blow to self esteem may result in a rage reaction

19
Q

Differentiate narcissistic disorder and delusional disorder-grandiose type

A

Narcissism has general arrogance while DD-grandiose has a single grandiose belief with

Onset of DD-grandiose is usually in older age while narcissistic is gradual from childhood

20
Q

What is ASPD?

A

Repeated unlawful acts

Deceitful ness

Irritability and aggressiveness

Reckless disregard for safety of self or others

Irresponsibility (employment or financial)

Lack of remorse-associated with lack of physiological reactivity to stressors

-prevasice disregard for others rights

“Psychopaths” are a subset for ASPD must be 18 years and evidence of conduct disorder before 15

21
Q

Why is avoidant personality disorder?

A
  • Avoids interpersonal and occupational activities for fear of criticism
  • unwilling to start relationship unless certain of being liked
  • restraint within relationship for fear of ridicule
  • reluctance to engage in new activities
  • negative self image

Inferiority complex

22
Q

Give the differentials of avoidant personality disorder

A

Social anxiety disorder- social anxiety have higher amounts of physiological hyperarousal

-persons with avoidant personality have some anxiety but not to the extent of social anxiety

Schizoid disorder- persons with schizoid have no desire for a relationship

-persons with avoidant do have a desire for relationship

23
Q

How can avoidant personality disorder be treated?

A

The personality disorder has behaviors that are more amendable to treatment

Options: CBT

SSRIs useful as an adjunct

24
Q

What is dependent personality disorder?

A

Indecisive

Others must take responsibility for life

Difficulty disagreeing

Difficulty initiating due to low confidence

Excessive lengths to keep/gain support

Feels helpless when alone

Urgently seeks another relationship if one ends

Theme: excess needs to be cared for

25
Q

How can dependent personality disorder be treated?

A

CBT with a focus on self-reliance and assertiveness training

Psychotherapy for this personality disorder is successful in increasing independence

As a result, the relationship with the dominant partner may no longer be viable

26
Q

What is obsessive compulsive disorder?

A
  • preoccupation with details, rules, lists until point of activity is lost
  • perfectionism interferes with task completion
  • excessive devotion to work
  • rigid and stubborn
  • overly conscientious, scrupulous
  • reluctance to delegate or work with others
  • hoarding and miserly behaviour

psycopathology (23 decks)

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