Personality researchers

Question 1

Winter et al. (1998)

Answer 1

addition of motives to the trait theory

Question 2

Wu et al. (2017)

Answer 2

Trait continuum/normal distribution

Question 3

Uher (2013)

Answer 3

challenging personality models

Question 4

Eysenck (2013)

Answer 4

contrasting results for psychoticism

Question 5

Pedersen et al. (2014)

Answer 5

division of psychoticism

Question 6

Blain et al. (2019)

Answer 6

pos associated with DNC and neg FPC, stimulation and cognitive control

Question 7

Vize et al. (2019)

Answer 7

application of the big 5 to other domains

Question 8

Cattell (2001)

Answer 8

strength of Cattell and the big 5

Question 9

Bolton (1982)

Answer 9

weaknesses of Cattell

Question 10

McCrae and Costa (1987, 97), Goldberg (1990), Judge and Zapata (2014) and Smith (2019)

Answer 10

decades of research on the big 5

Question 11

Costa and McCrae (1998)

Answer 11

big 5 consistently popping up - make up the essential structure of personality

Question 12

Lui et al. (2019)

Answer 12

cultural differences and differences between I and C cultures in relation to the big 5

Question 13

Willmot et al. (2017)

Answer 13

agreement and environmental influences and the big 5

Question 14

Fajowska and Krewler (2018)

Answer 14

developing essential trait approach

Question 15

Margolis et al. (2019)

Answer 15

correlational research, E = pos affect

Question 16

Silverman et al. (2019)

Answer 16

contradict, failure in inhibitory neurocircuitry associated with emotion regulation

Question 17

Lombroso (1876)

Answer 17

criminal man

Question 18

Savopoulous and Lindell (2018)

Answer 18

support for Lombroso, white and grey matter, lateralisations

Question 19

Sheldon (1942)

Answer 19

somatotype and personality

Question 20

Maddana et al. (2008)

Answer 20

BMI - support for somatotype and crime and alternative method

Question 21

Raffer (2008)

Answer 21

need to take into account different perspectives to understand Sheldon’s work

Question 22

Gudjonsson (2016)

Answer 22

PEN involved, P discriminates, poor power, more complex

Question 23

Byas (2019)

Answer 23

against Eysenck’s theory and crime

Question 24

Delisi (2019)

Answer 24

P best explanation for criminal behaviour

Question 25

Thomson (2018)

Answer 25

increased risk of assault and violence for P, sadistic killings

Question 26

Bartol and Bartol (2005)

Answer 26

offenders have high N and high P

Question 27

Lewis et al. (2018)

Answer 27

genetic and environmental influences and P traits

Question 28

Cleckley (1976)

Answer 28

psychopathy definition

Question 29

Gretton et al. (2004), McCuish et al. (2018)

Answer 29

high levels of psychopathy in adolescence associated with violence in later life

Question 30

Hare et al. (2000)

Answer 30

psychopaths are 4x more likely to re-offend within a year or 2

Question 31

Woodsworth and Porter (2002), Prospero-Luis et al. (2017)

Answer 31

psychopaths are more likely to offend for personal gain/expect positive outcomes

Question 32

Reidy et al. (2016)

Answer 32

ASB (caused by psychopathic traits) has greatest predictive power for future violence

Question 33

Lewis and Appleby (1988)

Answer 33

labelling of PDs and crime

Question 34

Pastwa-Wojciechowska (2017)

Answer 34

diagnosis of a PD and increased risk of aggressive/violent behaviour

Question 35

Filone et al. (2014)

Answer 35

didn't find a link between diagnostic PD labelling and sentencing of crime

Question 36

Kelley et al. (2018)

Answer 36

perceiving someone as psychopathic associated with viewing them as more dangerous and evil and giving harsher punishments

Question 37

Vize et al. (2018)

Answer 37

criticising the dark triad - overlap

Question 38

Williams et al. (2010)

Answer 38

dark triad as a predictor of criminality - only MR

Question 39

Szabo and Jones (2019)

Answer 39

gender differences in machiavellianism - more prevalent among men

Question 40

Sijtsema et al. (2019)

Answer 40

correlations between the dark triad and APD an ASB

Question 41

Wright et al. (2016)

Answer 41

DT strong predictor of delinquency

Question 42

O'Reilly et al. (2018)

Answer 42

narcissistic CEOs and crime

Question 43

Nicholls et al. (2019)

Answer 43

DT pos correlated with cheating and doping in sport

Question 44

Sinha (2016)

Answer 44

other factors found to be related to crime - intelligence and suspicion

Question 45

Mededovic (2017)

Answer 45

HEXACO traits and crime

Question 46

Zepenic (2018)

Answer 46

the relation between psychopathy and crime is controversial and doesn't apply to everyone

Question 47

O'Reilly and Doerr (2020)

Answer 47

narcissists are more likely to cheat, lie and steal (crime) than others

Question 48

Schwarz (2010)

Answer 48

weak convergent and discriminant validity for common traits, supports construct

Question 49

Bauermeister and Gallacker (2019)

Answer 49

poor efficiency and discrimination, gender bias