Personality essay plans

Question 1

Q1 - personalty and crime

Answer 1

introduction

trait theory

Allport

common and source traits

Cattell

the big 5

ETA

Eysenck

history of crime

somatotype and crime

Eysenck, personality and crime

P, personality and crime

psychopathy and APD

• Cleckley (1976) - psychopathy definition
• Gretton et al. (2004), McCuish et al. (2018) - high levels of psychopathy in adolescence associated with violence in later life
• Hare et al. (2000) - psychopaths are 4x more likely to re-offend within a year or 2
• Woodsworth and Porter (2002), Prospero-Luis et al. (2017) - psychopaths are more likely to offend for personal gain/expect positive outcomes
• Reidy et al. (2016) - ASB (caused by psychopathic traits) has greatest predictive power for future violence
• Lewis et al. (2018) - genetic and environmental influences and P traits
• Zepenic (2018) - the relation between psychopathy and crime is controversial and doesn’t apply to everyone
• Friedell (2008) - drug users - those with APD more likely to commit crime
• O’Reilly and Doerr (2020) - narcissists are more likely to cheat, lie and steal (crime) than others

PDs and crime

• Lewis and Appleby (1988) - labelling of PDs
• Pastwa-Wojciechowska (2017) - diagnosis of a PD and increased risk of aggressive/violent behaviour
• Filone et al. (2014) - didn’t find a link between diagnostic PD labelling and sentencing of crime
• Kelley et al. (2018) - perceiving someone as psychopathic associated with viewing them as more dangerous and evil and giving harsher punishments
• Kopkin (2016) - stronger endorsement of psychopathic traits = believed the witness was more credible

the dark triad and crime

• Paulhus and Williams (2002) - the dark triad
• Vize et al. (2018), Szabo and Jones (2019) - criticisms
• Williams et al. (2010) - dark triad as a predictor of criminality
• Sijtsema et al. (2019) - correlations between the dark triad and APD an ASB
• Wright et al. (2016) - DT strong predictor of delinquency
• O’Reilly et al. (2018) - narcissistic CEOs and crime
• Nicholls et al. (2019) - DT pos correlated with cheating and doping in sport
• Persson (2019) and Deshong et al. (2017) - traits of the DT overlap

other factors

• Sinha (2016) - other traits found to be related to crime
• Mededovic (2017) - HEXACO traits and crime

conclusion

Question 2

Q2 - traits and PDs

Answer 2

introduction

explanation of trait approach

psychometric theory

ETA

big 5

different PDs

PDs and trait theory

conclusion