Personality Disorders: Exam 3 Flashcards
Personalities are like trees. Healthy trees are __________. When a storm rolls through, they can sway in the breeze. Rigid trees, however, cannot withstand strong winds. They splinter and fall.
Flexible
Individuals with healthy personalities adapt to difficult situations. They “read” other people and change their interaction style when needed. Their relationships with others are reciprocal. They maintain their own boundaries and respect the boundaries of others.
Normal Personalities
Individuals with personality disorders have difficulty adapting to the needs of the moment. They rigidly stick to dysfunctional interaction styles. This inflexibility causes significant distress to themselves and others. These problems cause them to ramp up these maladaptive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, creating a vicious cycle. They have trouble maintaining and respecting boundaries.
Personality Disorders
Schneider’s Four E’s
Early
Enduring
Egosyntonic
Externalization
The beginnings of the disorder were present early in life and became fully developed in adulthood.
Early
Personality disorders do not come and go. These maladaptive patterns are present in all situations and with all people.
Enduring
Clients have ______ insight. They believe others are the source of their distress. If they seek treatment, it is usually for a comorbidity (e.g., depression). They don’t understand or accept they have this problem.
__Core___
Egosyntonic
Clients with a personality externalize their stress onto __________; it’s the people around them that feel uncomfortable.
___Other___
Externalization
The DSM-5 identifies _____ specific personality disorders. These disorders are organized into ______ clusters.
10
ABC
A disorders are characterized by _______ or eccentric behaviors. They are sort of like mild, functional versions of schizophrenia.
__Odd___
Cluster
clients are highly _________of others—even close companions. They stay on the alert lest someone try to sabotage them or take advantage. They are private and reveal little about themselves—someone could use personal information against them.
___ Suspicious ___
Paranoid Personality Disorder
clients are reclusive and have very limited social interaction. They are not lonely or fearful of rejection. Rather, they have little interest in others. They prefer solitude. Others find them to be awkward and strange. Cut off from other people, they are okay, little interest in others.
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Clients have disorganized speech and behavior. They are odd and eccentric. They do not have hallucinations or delusion, but they may engage in magical thinking and experience illusions (e.g., UFO sightings). Similar to schizophrenia , ongoing, and higher motor skills and can live on their own
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Cluster B disorders are characterized by dramatic, emotional, and erratic behaviors. These clients have trouble respecting personal _________________ and can cause significant distress to others. Antisocial and borderline personality disorders are the focus of this lesson. We’ll discuss them in a moment.
Boundaries
clients are dramatic and love the spotlight. They usually dress ___________ and can be very flirtatious. Relationships are intense, but shallow and short-lived.
____Seductively___
Histrionic Personality Disorder
clients are very _________ and outspoken about their talents and achievements. They very preoccupied with themselves. Their interest in someone can be strong if they believe that person may help them get what they want. Just as quickly, their interest will vanish when that person is no longer needed. They are entitled.
___Proud____
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Cluster C disorders are characterized by __________ emotions and behaviors.
Anxious
clients crave relationships but feel too awkward or inept to pursue them. They fear _____________ so much, they find it easier to avoid new relationships. Their only relationships are with a few old friends.
____Rejection_____
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Clients feel a desperate need to be _______ for and nurtured by someone else. They are needy, unassertive, and overly submissive. They have few interests of their own and view the world through other people’s eyes.
___Cared___
Dependent Personality Disorder
clients are overly concerned with rules, order, and routines. They are true _______ and have trouble delegating. They are usually stingy with money and have trouble throwing things away. They are inflexible in relationships; it’s their way or the highway.
______ perfectionists ______
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Clients had serious behavior problems starting in childhood (i.e., conduct disorder). As they have grown up, they’ve maintained these selfish, ruthless, violent behaviors. These clients lie, cheat, steal, and destroy. They have an “every man for himself” and “survival of the fittest” worldview. There is a more sophisticated, “white collar” version of antisocial personality disorder. Instead of physically attacking their victims, these con-artists are professionals at smooth talking people into giving them what they want (e.g., money, sex, power).
Sometimes the term ___________________ is used to describe a more severe version of this disorder. These clients are extremely cold, predatory, and have no remorse for their terrible deeds. They prey on the weak, poor, elderly, and intellectually disabled.
____Psychopathy____
Anti-Social Personality Disorder
What is the epidemiology of Anti-Personality Disorder?
The lifetime prevalence of antisocial personality disorder is 2-5%. men are three times more likely to have this disorder.
Clients with antisocial personality tend to have difficult childhoods. Parental affection was often withheld. Many experienced physical abuse and neglect.
Psychosocial Factors of Anti-Personality Disorder
There seems to be evidence of genetic risk factors and neurobiological abnormalities.
Biological Factors of Anti-Personality Disorder
