Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mental Health > Major Psychotherapies: Exam 1 > Flashcards

Major Psychotherapies: Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who are some notable Psychoanalysts?

A

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Carl Jung (1875-1961)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who was the inventor of psychotherapy?

A

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who was Sigmund Freud’s Student?

A

Carl Jung (1875-1961)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are Unconscious Motivations?

A

Something buried in our mind that we aren’t aware of.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most of our behaviors are given by unconscious forces. These unconscious forces are often in _________ with each other.

A

Conflict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the terms that were developed by Sigmund Freud?

A

Id, Ego, and Superego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The most primitive part of the psyche. It operates on the _______ _________ principles. It pushes us to fulfill our basic, carnal desires. (ex. sex, appetite, etc.) Sigmund Fraud would consider a baby as this. What is this definition defining?

A

Desire/ Pleasure
ID (IT in English)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Develops as the psyche matures. It operates on the _________ principle. This helps the ID find realistic ways to obtain (or delay) gratification. This try’s to reason with the ID. More mature than ID, older. “Works out the problem.” What is this definition defining?

A

Reality
EGO (eye in English)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Develops as a person incorporates values from parents and other respected figures. It operates on the _______ principle. it helps restrain the shameful desires of the ID and persuades the EGO to pursue noble goals. Develops as you get older. Used the values taught to you from your parents and learnings. “Older Mindset.” What is this definition defining?

A

Moral
SUPEREGO (super eye in English)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Most of the mind is ________. Tension between the ID, EGO, AND SUPEREGO can cause conflict. Mechanisms are placed that can be healthy and or unhealthy to help with this _____.

A

Subconscious
Conflict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reducing you pain by helping others.

A

Altruism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Covering up a real or imagined weakness by empathizing some other strength.

A

Compensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Converting strong emotional stress into a physical symptom. Ego will convert a neuro problem into a physical problem. The mind will convert it.

A

Conversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Conversion Example:

A

Witnessing a violent murder and becoming blind—even though the eyes appear to function correctly.

Can’t speak out mental problems in some countries, but can have physical pain so the mind switches the neuro problem to physical problem to real to cultural beliefs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Not acknowledging reality because it is too painful or difficult. Too much too fast for the ego, “buys some time”, used to even out the blow by the ego. Relieve pressure or pain for the ego.

A

Denial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Denial Example:

A

Being arrested twice for drunk driving but refusing to admit a drinking problem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Redirecting your anger at another object, person, or situation.

A

Displacement (common)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Displacement Example:

A

Yelling at your spouse when you are actually angry at your boss at work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Temporarily losing your connection to the outside world to escape the pain.

A

Dissociation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Attempting to improve feelings about self by emulating an admired person.

A

Identification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Avoiding painful emotions by focusing on logic and reasoning.

A

Intellectualization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Attributing your own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to someone else.

A

Projection (socially accepted)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Projection Example:

A

Stealing money but then accusing that person of stealing from you.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Justifying unacceptable feelings or behavior by giving excuses.

A

Rationalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Feeling negative or unacceptable feelings but demonstrating the opposite.

A

Reaction Formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Returning to childlike, immature behaviors during a time of stress.

A

Regression (Seen a lot in PEDS units)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Unknowingly pushing an unpleasant thought or memory out of your consciousness.

A

Repression (common w/ abuse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Seeing people, situations, or events as either completely good or completely evil.

A

Splitting (personality disorder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Splitting Example:

A

Thinking your mother is absolutely evil because she grounded you for the weekend.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Redirecting unacceptable drives or passions into socially acceptable forms.

A

Sublimation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Consciously deciding to ignore a thought, emotion, or desire.

A

Supression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Trying to reverse a negative or guilty feeling by doing something to make up for it.

A

Undoing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Occurs when the client unconsciously transfers feelings toward a person in the client’s past onto the clinician.

A

Transference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Occurs when the clinician unconsciously transfers feelings toward a person in the clinician’s past onto the client. When a patient or person reminds you of a person in your life.

A

Countertransference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

using a predefine list of words to see what thoughts/images they spontaneously produce in the client. This is meant as a way to reveal subconscious processes.

A

Free association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

keeping a dream journal and interpreting their meaning with the therapist.

A

Dream analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

using a set of ambiguous images (ink blots) and asking the client to describe them. This too is meant to elucidate hidden mental processes.

A

Rorschach inkblot test

38
Q

Psychoanalytic techniques include: (3)

A

Free Association
Dream Analysis
Rorschach Inkblot Test

39
Q

Who were some notable behaviorists that couldn’t stand Fraud and his ideas?

A

John Watson (1878-1958)
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)

40
Q

Behaviorists believe Freudian hypotheses about the mind, dreams, etc. are unscientific and unnecessary. Instead, behaviorists contend psychological problems are caused by having ___________ maladaptive responses. Fortunately, these behaviors can be unlearned.

A

Learned

41
Q

Actions that are followed by rewards are strengthened and more likely to occur again. Operant conditioning utilizes this fact. If you have depression, maybe you are rewarding yourself by being depressed (Ex. Eating ice cream because you’re depressed) Look at hidden rewards. Reward yourself for studying for a test when you aren’t an often studier.

A

Operant conditioning

42
Q

Token economies are systems in which behavior is regulated by emphasizing and rewarding positive behaviors and removing those rewards when misbehaving. This approach is commonly used in elementary schools. (Ex: treasure box rewarding goodness in class for children)

A

Token economies

43
Q

The technique involves the intentional removal of a reward for a maladaptive behavior (which is sometimes given unintentionally) so as to decrease its likelihood of recurring. An example of this is teaching parents to ignore and walk away when a child throws a temper tantrum. (Ex. Kid holding their breath when they are angry)

A

Extinction

44
Q

Teaching a client behavioral skills by acting out scenarios and practicing them. Teach the person a role model behavior. Therapy they do lifelike role play simulations.

A

Modeling (role-playing)

45
Q

A technique in which therapists help clients extinguish phobias by experiencing increasingly anxiety-provoking situations. Typically relaxation techniques are practiced during these exposures. (Ex. A person who is scared of flying, but is working for a company that they have to fly often. It causes a desensitization. In therapy will get the client to book a flight or pick someone up from the airport for example)

A

Systematic desensitization

46
Q

Teaching clients proven techniques that decrease anxiety and stress (e.g., deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, meditation, etc.). Good way to deal with stress and or anxiety.

A

Relaxation techniques (reciprocal inhibition)

47
Q

Helping a client avoid a behavior by teaching a client to associate it with something negative. An example of this is prescribing disulfiram to treat alcoholism. Disulfiram works by causing extreme discomfort when the patient consumes alcohol. (Ex. Patients that struggle with alcoholism, they will take the medication and get the patient to drink alcohol, it makes the client hate the alcohol by making them feel terrible. The patient will eventually stop drinking and or stop the medication)

A

Aversion therapy

48
Q

Notable Cognitive-Behaviorists

A

Brought back the brain into behavioral therapy and brought back the notion of thoughts into behavioral therapy.

49
Q

Who are the Notable Cognitive-Behaviorists?

A

Albert Ellis (1913-2007).
Aaron Beck (born 1921)

50
Q

Epictetus, the ancient Stoic philosopher, summarized the essence of cognitive-behaviorism: “Men are not disturbed by things, but by the __________ which they take of them.” We are upset by our views or thoughts of those things.

A

Views

51
Q

Can’t change your emotions directly. Behave as something that we fell we are not. (ex. If depressed, think and behave as a person who of which is not depressed) People that are depressed and or anxious have common/similar thoughts and say things to themselves that are common on a daily basis.

A

Cognitive Distortions

52
Q

This is sometimes called black-and-white thinking. Someone with anorexia nervosa might think, “If I eat one cookie, I’ll eat a hundred and become disgustingly obese.” People with this view everything as if they have all or they have nothing. Ex: a person can either have no cookies or think they will eat all the cookies in the box and become obese.

A

All-or-nothing thinking

53
Q

This fallacy involves mistaking one’s emotions or feelings as actual facts. It fails to recognize that emotions are often wrong. For example, emotions are greatly impacted by how much sleep we’ve had and if we are hungry. They are not very reliable. Emotions aren’t very accurate and change quickly, but these people believe that their emotions are exactly right.

A

Emotional reasoning

54
Q

This is the error of blowing things hugely out of proportion. It is making a small problem into a crisis or catastrophe. For example, if a person you are in a relationship with forget to call you, you might falsely conclude they no longer care for you. Or perhaps they were in a terrible car accident! Magnify problems.

A

Magnification

55
Q

This is the error of focusing only on the negative aspects of situation and ignoring or discounting the positive ones. A common example is a person dismissing a compliment with the thought, “They are just saying that to be nice.” Can’t accept a complement, filter out the good and only accept the bad.

A

Mental filter

56
Q

This is the error of making something of great importance into something small or trivial. It is the opposite of magnification.

A

Minimization

57
Q

This error involves feeling bad or guilty about things you have little or no control over.

A

Personalization

58
Q

__________ challenges all of these to help the people change the behavior and think of the behavior at a deeper level.

A

Therapy

59
Q

_________ _________ therapists help clients change unhelpful thoughts and behaviors. Ask several open-ended questions.

A

Cognitive-Behavioral

60
Q

Therapy Techniques include:

A

Education
Socratic Questioning
Assertiveness Training

61
Q

Therapists aims to teach the client to be his or her own therapist. As such, they spend time teaching concepts and skills. They often assign homework.

A

Education

62
Q

This is the technique of asking a series of focused but open ended questions that help clients discover unrecognized deeply held beliefs and values that are impacting the client.

A

Socratic questioning

63
Q

Some clients need help standing up for themselves and creating healthy boundaries. Assertiveness training teaches client how to stick up for themselves without becoming overly aggressive.

A

Assertiveness training

64
Q

One particularly powerful ____ technique is teaching a client to recognize that negative emotions involve a predictable pattern that can be challenged and changed.
Ex: Patient is feeling depressed, and the therapist ask why they feel like this out of no where.

A

CBT

65
Q

Cognitive Restructuring (ABCD Method)

A

(A). You might believe that this person no longer likes you (B). The emotional consequence of that belief might be that you feel worthless and depressed. (C), (What are your emotions going to be like?, might start avoiding people.). (D) your beliefs and replace them with more beneficial ones.

66
Q

Who are some Notable Humanists?

A

Carl Rogers (1902-1987): Says that therapist need to be understanding and listen the the patient. Have a positive regard.
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970).

67
Q

Roger’s believed constructive change is likely to occur if you are real/transparent with the client.

A

Genuineness

68
Q

Rogers believed constructive change is likely to occur if you feel genuine caring/acceptance/prizing/love for the client

A

Unconditional Positive Regard

69
Q

Rogers believed constructive change is likely to occur if you can understand the inner world of the client (i.e., see the world through the client’s eyes).

A

Empathy

70
Q

____________ believe people are inherently motivated to meet their needs and reach their greatest potential (self-actualization). The therapist need not tell the client what to do or how to solve their problems. Ultimately the client is the one that has to live with the outcomes of such decisions and is the one best suited to solve personal problems.

A

Humanists

71
Q

__________ therapists do not act as an authority figure or tell the client what to do. They create an atmosphere of trust, acceptance, and ________. Humanistic therapists are highly skilled in active listening–a skill we will discuss later in this course.

A

Humanistic
Empathy

72
Q

Therapists who form better alliances… have better outcomes” (p. 45). Another way of saying this is that the ______________ the therapist builds with the client is more important than the psychotherapeutic techniques used.

A

Relationship

73
Q

What are the four main types of groups?

A

Teaching groups
Self-help groups
Supportive/therapeutic groups
Group therapy

74
Q

aim to provide information to group members (e.g., medication education, disease information). Nurses can lead many types of teaching groups.

A

Teaching Group

75
Q

are designed to help members to receive guidance and support from others who are undergoing (or have undergone) similar experiences. A classic example of a self-help group is Alcoholic Anonymous. (AA)

A

Self-Help Group

76
Q

aim to help clients cope with a problem or mental illness. Leaders of this type of group must be knowledgeable in group processes and the topic/issue being discussed. Many psychiatric nurses lead supportive/therapeutic groups. Grief recovery group, a group they normally shares a common denominator.

A

Supportive/Therapeutic Groups

77
Q

is an actual form of psychotherapy. Leaders of group therapy must have advanced education/training. Psychotherapy is performed (e.g., psychoanalysis, CBT, DBT).

A

Group Therapy

78
Q

investigated this phenomenon and identified 11 therapeutic factors of group therapy.

A

Yalom’s Therapeutic Factors

79
Q

Witnessing other members’ progress can help a person believe in their own ability to improve. See people that have gotten better, and seeing others who have grown and are sharing their stories, helps people see the struggle and how to improve.

A

Instillation of hope

80
Q

People often feel like their problems are unique. Hearing others share similar experiences can be comforting and decrease feelings of isolation. MOST POWERFUL. This is the belief that lots of people have the same exact problems and or challenges, so that you are not alone and aren’t the only one that is facing such a struggle.

A

Universality

81
Q

A circular seating arrangement is usually best.

A

Seating arrangements

82
Q

Large groups decrease participation. Many agree that the ideal group size is 12 or less.

A

Group Size

83
Q

Groups may have open or closed policies. There is not necessarily a correct policy on membership. For example, some Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) groups are open while others are closed. Whatever the policy, group members should be informed and the policy should be followed.

A

Membership restrictions

84
Q

What are the three major leadership styles in group therapy?

A

Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez-faire

85
Q

These leaders are authoritative. They dictate the groups, policies, activities, and determine the group’s goals. Set all the roles and goals of the group. Most common in, in-patient facilities.

A

Autocratic

86
Q

These leaders seek participation from group members in determining policies, activities, and goals. What are you hoping to do? What are you hoping to accomplish?

A

Democratic

87
Q

These leaders have a hands-off approach. They allow the members to self-determine policies, activities, and goals.

A

Laissez-faire

88
Q

ACT dispenses with the CBT notion of disputing thoughts. Instead of disputing thoughts, ACT teaches clients to experience thoughts as mere thoughts that come and go (e.g., like cars driving by your house). If you attempt to avoid troubling thoughts or emotions, you may end up feeling more distress than you otherwise would have.

A

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

89
Q

DBT is a modified version of CBT. It’s probably the best treatment for borderline personality disorder. It was developed by Marsha Linehan, a psychologist who suffers from borderline personality disorder. You’ll learn more about this disorder later in the course.

A

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): Borderline personality disorder

90
Q

Motivational interviewing is an alternative to the 12-step framework (e.g., Alcoholics Anonymous). It’s based on the idea that the harder you push someone to change, the harder they will resist your efforts. Motivational interviewing is highly effective in treating addictions and motivating people to make positive lifestyle changes (e.g., dieting, exercise).

A

Motivational Interviewing: works best with addictions, and help make better life decisions.

91
Q

________ _______ _________ emphasizes clients cannot be understood in isolation; they must be understood in the context of the interlocking relationships in which they belong. This approach teaches family members to explore their roles, how to change roles, ways to support each other, and how to build a healthier family system.

A

Family Systems Therapy

Mental Health (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions