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Mental Health > Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Exam 2 > Flashcards

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

recurrent, persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or impulses that cause marked anxiety and interfere with interpersonal, social, or occupational function

A

Obsessions

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2
Q

ritualistic or repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person carries out continuously to neutralize anxiety

A

Compulsions

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3
Q

The person with these thoughts know they are excessive or unreasonable but believe they have no control over them.

A

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

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4
Q

________ is diagnosed only when these _________, images, and impulses consume the person or ______ them to act out the behaviors to a point at which they interfere with ________, social, and occupational functions

A

OCD
Thoughts
Compels
Personal

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5
Q

What was OCD previously classified as?

A

an anxiety disorder due to the sometimes-extreme anxiety that people experience

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6
Q

How is OCD disorders characterized?

A

by repetitive thoughts and behaviors, such as OCD, are described in terms of an OCD spectrum.

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7
Q

What are the OCD spectrum’s?

A

Self-soothing behaviors
Reward-seeking behaviors
Disorders of body appearance or function

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8
Q

Trichotillomania
Dermatillomania or onychophagia
What OCD spectrum is this?

A

Self-soothing behaviors

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9
Q

Hoarding
Kleptomania
Pyromania or oniomania
What OCD spectrum is this?

A

Reward-seeking behaviors

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10
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)
What OCD spectrum is this?

A

Disorders of body appearance or function

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11
Q

What are the common OCD compulsions?

A

85% Washing & Grooming
48% Checking
38% Rituals
17% Ordering

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12
Q

What are the three etiology models of OCD?

A

Cognitive
Genetic
Immune

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13
Q

What does the cognitive model of OCD consist of?

A

Believing one’s thoughts are overly important, that is, “if I think it, it will happen” this person has a need to control those thoughts

Perfectionism and the intolerance of uncertainty

Inflated personal responsibility (from a strict moral or religious upbringing) and overestimation of the threat posed by one’s thoughts

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14
Q

What does the genetic model of OCD consist of?

A

Genome-wide and candidate gene association studies found variations that may be involved in OCD pathology

They support the idea that a complex network of several genes may contribute to the genetic risk for OCD

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15
Q

What does the immune model of OCD consist of?

A

Antistreptococcal antibodies cross-react with basal ganglia neurons following streptococcus infection

This autoimmune reaction disrupts a basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit and generates obsessive-compulsive symptoms

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16
Q

arises from Aaron Beck’s cognitive model approach to emotional disorders and describes a persons thinking as

A

Cognitive model of OCD

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17
Q

population-based studies confirmed substantial heritability in OCD

A

Genetic model of OCD

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18
Q

A postinfectious, autoimmune response may be associated with the development of OCD

A

Immune model of OCD

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19
Q

What does the onset of OCD consist of?

A

Can start in childhood, especially in males
Females – it more commonly begins in the 20s
Overall, the distribution between the sexes is equal

20
Q

Early onset is more likely to affect males and has:

A

More severe symptoms
More comorbidity diagnoses
A greater likelihood of a family history

21
Q

When does onset occur? What do the periods of this onset produce?

A

Onset is typically in late adolescence, with periods of waxing and waning symptoms over the course of a lifetime

22
Q

___________ of symptoms may be related to stress.

A

Exacerbation’s

23
Q

Internationally, OCD symptoms are similar, variation in symptom expression or beliefs about symptoms include:

A

Highly religious individuals
Belief in a supernatural cause
Pharmacologic treatment varies

24
Q

What does highly religious individuals believe in regards to OCD symptoms?

A

Both Christian and Muslim may have a heightened sense of personal guilt about their symptoms

25
Q

What do individuals who have a belief in a supernatural cause believe in regards to OCD symptoms?

A

Much more likely to contact a faith healer for help

26
Q

What falls under the pharmacologic treatment for OCD?

A

In seven different countries, the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) was most prevalent but varied from 59% to 96% overall

27
Q

What does the assessment of OCD consist of?

A

Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale
History
General appearance and motor behavior
Mood and affect
Thought processes and content
Judgment and insight
Self-concept
Roles and relationships
Physiological and self-care considerations

28
Q

What does the nursing diagnoses of OCD consist of?

A

Anxiety
Ineffective coping
Situational low self-esteem

29
Q

What are the outcomes of OCD treatment in clients?

A

The client will…
-Complete daily routine activities within a realistic time frame]
-Discuss feelings with another person
-Spend less time performing rituals

30
Q

What are the interventions for OCD?

A

Therapeutic communication

Combination of medication and therapy:
Medications include…
-First line: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
-Second line: Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
-Treatment-resistant OCD: second-generation antipsychotics

Behavioral therapy
-Exposure
-Response prevention

31
Q

What is the client education for OCD?

A

Teach about OCD
Review the importance of talking openly/tolerating anxiety
Medication compliance
Behavioral techniques

32
Q

What is the family and community teaching for OCD?

A

Avoid giving advice
Don’t try to “fix” the problem
Patience
Take breaks (caregiver role-strain)

33
Q

What are the self-awareness issues in regards to OCD?

A

Need to understand client cannot simply stop the behavior

Client already knows the thoughts and rituals interfere with life

Explore feelings about the condition requiring long-term medication and behavioral therapy

34
Q

OCD patients are _______ _______ of their compulsions and hate the effect these compulsions have on their lives, but they feel _____________ to sustain from them.

A

Acutely Aware
Powerless

35
Q

What about the studies of OCD?

A

Studies show promise, but they have yet to defiantly explain how people develop OCD.

36
Q

What does the cognitive stage of OCD consist of overall?

A

Childhood and environmental experiences of growing up.

37
Q

What stage of OCD has been accepted as an partial explanation for OCD?

A

The Cognitive Stage of OCD

38
Q

OCD is a _________ condition!

A

Chronic

39
Q

Most of the time OCD clients seem normal on the outside, but they suffer with what on the inside?

A

Fear and anxiety

40
Q

What is the GOAL for OCD clients?

A

For OCD symptoms to no longer interfere with the clients ability to carry out their responsibilities. Additional outcomes from OCD therapy include: the client will demonstrate effective use of cognitive behavioral therapy techniques.

41
Q

What is the MOST IMPORTANT variable in regards to outcomes for OCD?

A

For the patient to be willing to make changes in their behavior, because it will continuously improve their quality of life!

42
Q

Where do most OCD treatments occur?

A

Outpatient facilities

43
Q

When is the only time an OCD patient will be in the hospital?

A

When they are completely unable to carry out their daily routines.

44
Q

What is an example of therapeutic communication in regards to OCD?

A

The nurse encouraging the client to discuss their obsession, in order to increase the clients sense of security. The nurse should allow the client to preform the ritual, but the nurse gradually decreases the time spent preforming the ritual.

45
Q

__________ compliance is important, it may be necessary to try __________ medications to see which works best for the client!

A

Medication
Different

Mental Health (23 decks)

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