Personality Disorders Flashcards
What is the relationship pattern for people with Borderline PD?
alternate btwn feeling totally abandoned or feeling engulfed by the other person
When does borderline PD tend to “burn out”?
Middle adulthood
What is the most widely known therapy for borderline PD?
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy
What impulsive and potentially self-damaging activities do people with Borderline PD engage in?
spending, sex, drugs, reckless driving, binge eating
More women than men are diagnosed with Borderlien PD?
TRUE
What is thought to play a role in the development of Narcissistic PD?
Early life experiences
What is NOT a criteria in the DSM-5 for Narcissistic PD?
a. take advantage of others
b. jealousy
c. unaffected by criticism
d. inflated sense of worth
e. preoccupied w/fantasies of success
C. remains unaffected by critcism of others
How does one with Narcissistic PD react to criticism?
shame, rage, humiliation
What is the most superior treatment method for Narcissistic PD?
Schema Therapy
Co-occurring mood disorders are commonly diagnosed in individuals who suffer with Narcissistic PD. What medications are found to be helpful?
antidepressants and mood stabilizers
Narcissistic PD is more prevalent among?
MEN
What is a personality disorder?
A. enduring pattern of inner experiencec and behavior that deviates from culture and is present in 2 (or more) areas:
- cognition (perception of others and self)
- affectivity (emotional response)
- interpersonal functioning
- impulse control
B. pervasive and inflexible across range of situations
C. leads to distress/impairment
D. stable, long duration w/onset in adolescence or early adulthood
For an individual younger than 18 years old to be diagnosed with a personality disorder, symptoms must be present for?
at least 1 year
Which personality disorder has an exception where individuals younger than 18 years old may not be diagnosed ?
Antisocial PD
What are Cluster A personality disorders?
Odd and Eccentric
- paranoid
- schizoid
- schizotypal
What are Cluster B personality disorders?
Dramatic
- antisocial
- narcissistic
- borderline
- histrionic
What are Cluster C personality disorders?
Anxious and Fearful
- avoidant
- dependent
- obsessive compulsive
What is paranoid PD?
distrust & suspiciousness of others so that their motives are interpreted as malevolent.
- Suspects (without sufficient basis) that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving him or her
- Preoccupied with unjustified doubts about loyalty or trustworthiness of others
- Reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that information will be used maliciously against him or her
- Reads hidden, demeaning, threatening messages into benign remarks
- Persistently bears grudges; unforgiving of insults, injuries, slights they think they’ve received
- Perceives character attacks on reputation—quick to anger and counter-attack
- May be pathologically jealous, suspecting unfaithfulness
What is Schizoid PD?
detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings.
- Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family.
- Almost always chooses solitary activities
- Little, if any, sexual interest with others.
- Takes pleasure in few activities
- Lacks close friends and confidants other than first-degree relatives
- indifferent to criticism or praise of others
- Shows emotional coldness, detachment, flattened affectivity
What is Schizotypal?
social & interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with—and reduced capacity for—close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions & eccentricities of behavior.
- Ideas of reference (incorrect interpretations of casual incidents as having a particular and unusual meaning
- Behavior or appearance odd, eccentric, or peculiar
- Lack of close confidants other than first degree relatives
- Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation
- May have excessive social anxiety that doesn’t diminish with familiarity—likely related to paranoid fears
- Inappropriate or constricted affect
- Odd thinking and speech (vague, metaphorical, elaborate)
- Unusual perceptual experiences, including body illusions
- Odd beliefs or magical thinking
What is Antisocial pd?
disregard for, and violation or the rights of others
- MUST BE 18 YEARS OLD
- MUST HAVE CONDUCT DISORDER PRIOR TO 15 YRS OLD
- Deceitfulness / Manipulation (Repeated lying, use of aliases, conning others for money, sex, power)
- Lack of remorse
- Impulsivity & reckless disregard for safety of self or others & consistent irresponsibility
- Irritability / aggressiveness– Physical fights or assaults; violate rights of others
- Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors
- Irresponsibility
Borderline PD?
instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, affects, and marked impulsivity.
- Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
- Identity Disturbance: markedly, persistently unstable self-image or sense of self
- Impulsivity in at least 2 areas potentially self-damaging
- Unstable interpersonal relationships
- Inappropriate intense anger or difficulty controlling anger
- Affective instability–marked reactivity of mood
- stress related paranoid ideation or severe dissocative
- Chronic feelings of emptiness, unfulfillment
- Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, threats, or self-mutilating behavior
Histrionic PD?
excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior:
uncomfortable when not center of attention
sexually seductive or provacative behavior
Use physical apperance to draw attention to self
Exaggerate depth/intimacy of relationships
rapidly shifting and shallow emotions
impressionistic speech
self-dramtization
suggestible (easily influenced by others)
Narcissistic PD?
grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy.
- Grandiose sense of self-importance
- Preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love
- Believes he or she is special and unique and can only be understood by—or should associate with, others of special or high status (or institutions)
- requires excessive admiration
- Sense of entitlement, expect to be catered to
- Interpersonally exploitative, lack sensitivity to others
- lacks empathy
- envious of others
- arrogant
Avoidant PD?
social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.
- avoids activities due to fear of rejection
- unwilling to get involved w/ppl unless liked
- restraint/inhibited in relationships
- views self as inferior
- preoccupied with being criticized in social situations
Dependent PD?
excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation.
- Difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others
- Excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support, to the point of doing things that are unpleasant
- Difficulty initiating projects or doing things on own
- Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears of being unable to care for him or herself.
- Urgently seeks another relationship as source of care and support when a close relationship ends (because of belief that can’t subsist on own)
- Unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of self (pessimism, self-doubt, belittle abilities)
Obsessive Compulsive PD?
of orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency.
*no obsessions/compulsions
- Preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization,
- Excessively devoted to work
- Rigidity, stubbornness
- inflexible about matters of morality, ethics, or values
- Miserly spending style; hoarding
- Reluctant to delegate tasks or work with others
- Excessively careful, prone to repetition
What disorder is characterized by: suspiciousness?
paranoid PD
What disorder is characterized by: solitude?
schizoid PD
What disorder is characterized by: non-conformity/eccentricity?
schizotypal
What disorder is characterized by: bending the rules?
antisocial
What disorder is characterized by: emotional instability?
borderline
What disorder is characterized by: need to be the center of attention?
histrionic
What disorder is characterized by: interest in looking out for self
narcissistic
What disorder is characterized by: social inhibition/inadequacy
avoidant
What disorder is characterized by: submissive/clingy
dependent
What disorder is characterized by: perfectionism?
obsessive-compulsive
How old do you need to be to be diagnosed with personality disorder?
18 years
Personality disorders can be diagnosed along with all other clinical disorders?
TRUE
