Personality Disorders

Question 1

DSM-5 Defintion of Personality Disorders:

Answer 1

An enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture

Question 2

PD Clusters:

Answer 2

Cluster A: odd/ eccentric (little/ no treatment)
(behave similar but not as extensive as schizophrenia)
paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

Cluster B: dramatic/ emotional/ erratic
Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
(almost impossible to have satisfying relationships)

Cluster C: anxious/ fearful
avoidant/ dependant/ obsessive. compulsive

Question 3

Paranoid PD (A)

Answer 3

involves… deep suspicion/ mistrust for others. Control, angers and hostility. Delusional - as they can be reasoned with - general inclinations to expect the worst in all

Question 4

Schizotypal (A)

Answer 4

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Involves… psychotism, magical ideation, social anxiety, suspicion, paranoia, eccentric ideas about the world/ people.

Question 5

Schizoid (A)

Answer 5

involves… extreme social detachment & cold emotional expression

Question 6

Etiology of A

Answer 6

Genetic: fam members of schizophrenics are at higher risk for schizotpyal but no emirical evidence for a genetic link

Schizotypal: linked to positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Schizoid: linked to negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 7

Antisocial PD (B)

Answer 7

involves… disregard for social norms, impulsivity, recklessness, irresponsibility, lack of remorse, agression

Question 8

Border Line PD (B)

Answer 8

involves… extreme emotional dysregulation, identity and attachment disturbance

Question 9

Narcissistic PD (B)

Answer 9

involves… self appraisail, entitlement, arrogance, need for admiration, lack of empathy

Question 10

Histronic PD (B)

Answer 10

self-centeredness, need for attention

gender bias

Question 11

Avoidant PD (C)

Answer 11

involves… social anxiety, fear or rejection, humiliation, self-doubt = significant social withdrawal

Question 12

Dependant PD (C)

Answer 12

involves… separation anxiety, rely on others for decisions, high distress, extreme submissiveness

Question 13

Obsessive- Compulsive PD (C)

Answer 13

involves… perfectionism, need for order, moral standards

Question 14

Most Prominent Disorders:

Answer 14

Antisocial & Borderline

antisocial: requires evidence of CD before 15

BPD: most frequently diagnosed PD in NZ, only disorder with evidence-based treatment available

Question 15

Antisocial Disorder - Alternative diagnosis is Pyschopathy

Answer 15

involves… superficial charm, pathological lying, callous

Question 16

Two-Process Model for Etiology of Antisocial PD

Answer 16

Factor 1: interpersonal - function of the amygdala = poor fear conditioning, inability to read distress cues

Factor 2: Antisocial behaviour - orbitofrontal cortex = disinhibits emotional decision making (accounts for more of the behavioural elements seen in psychopathy)

Question 17

Etiology of BPD

Answer 17

(extremely heterogenous, more in women than men/ gender bias)

• psychodynamic - early parent relations
• Biopsychosocial Theory (M. Lineham): vulnerability ot emotional dysregulation, invalidating childhood events - theory is mostly supported

Question 18

5 personality trait qualifiers for PD

Answer 18

Negative Affectivity

Detachment

Dissociality

Disinhibition

Anankastia (compulsivity)