Personality and Motivation, Flashcards
what term explains an individuals pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaviour
personality
What is the psychoanalytic theory? Who is primarily involved in it?
a theory that personality is governed by the unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories of an individual.
this was developed by Sigmund Freud
psychoanalytic perspective of personality:
According to Sigmund Freud, what two instinctual drives motivate human behaviour?
libido - to seek pleasure, avoid pain, and strive for survival
the death instinct - drives aggressive behaviours that are fuelled by the desire to die or impose ill-will
psychoanalytic perspective of personality:
According to Sigmund Freud, what 3 components govern personality and behaviour
- The id –> this is governed by the pleasure principle. It does not use logical reasoning. The id tries to reduce tension and seek pleasure. Children are almost entirely id driven
- entirely unconsciousness - The ego –> governed by the reality principle. It uses logical reasoning. The ego tries to come up with logical ways to satisfy the id.
- some consciousness - Superego –> promotes the ego to follow more idealistic goals rather than just realistic goals. It makes judgements of right and wrong and strives for perfection trying to accomplish a feeling of pride
psychoanalytic perspective of personality:
What is an ego defence mechanism?
anxiety is a feeling of tension which occurs when someone becomes aware of repressed emotion/feelings/memories.
Ego defence mechanisms are ways people distort reality to reduce anxiety (protects the ego)
psychoanalytic perspective of personality:
What is reaction formation, projection, displacement, sublimation, repression, denial, regression and rationalization ?
These are forms of ego defence mechanisms
1. Reaction formation –> expressing the opposite behaviour to what you believe due to the situation (being mean to your crush)
- projection –> deflect your own unacceptable thoughts onto someone else
- displacement –> redirect aggressive impulses from one thing to another. (when mad you punch your pillows)
- sublimation –> transferring negative energy into positive things (working out)
- repression –> lack of recall of an emotionally painful memory
- denial - forcefully refuse to acknowledge a painful memory
- regression - reverting to another less sophisticated behaviour (child bed wet’s after trauma)
- rationalization - intellectually justify impulsive behaviour
psychoanalytic perspective of personality:
explain Freud’s 5 stages of his psychosexual theory.
his psychosexual theory states that sexual energy drives maturation and personality. Each stage is associated with the location of sensual desire.
- oral stage - sucking / chewing
- anal stage - pleasure thru elimination
- phallic stage - pleasure through the genitals
- latency stage - pleasure through activity such as school and sports
- Genital stage - genital pleasure re-appears stronger and sexual energy takes control over activities in the latent stage
psychoanalytic perspective of personality:
What is the Oedipus complex and Electra complex? When do they arise in psychosexual theory?
In the phallic stage, children become interested in the genital sensation. They develop an attraction for their opposite sex parent and hostile attitude to their same sex parent
oedipus complex - the term for when boys develop these feelings
Electra complex - the term for when girls do
girls also get penis envy where they learn that they do not have a penis
psychoanalytic perspective of personality:
what does it mean to be psychologically fixated
according to Freud, if a child is over stimulated or frustrated with a sensual pleasure they may becomes stuck in one of the 5 phases of psychosexual theory. For example if a girl does not properly develop the electra complex, as an adult she may not fully accept her sexual feelings.
psychoanalytic perspective of personality:
who was erik erikson
he developed psychosocial theory of personality
psychoanalytic perspective of personality:
what are Eriksen’s 8 stages of psychosocial theory? ( what is the name and what is the social objective that is needed to be overcome)
- Trust vs. Mistrust - infants psychological and emotional needs must be met
- autonomy vs. Shame - toddler needs to explore and learn independence
- initiative vs. guilt - young child must learn to make decisions
- industry vs. inferiority - school kid must learn self worth and pride and meet personal goals
- identity vs role confusion - teen must learn who he/she is by testing limits
- intimacy vs. isolation - young adult must acquire intimate relationships
- generatively vs. stagnation - mid adult must feel he/she helps the younger generations
- integrity vs. despair - old person must be happy with life accomplishments
for each age name the psychosexual (Freud) and psychosocial (Erikson) stage.
birth - 1 1-3 3-6 6-12 12-18 18-35 35-65 65+
age Social Sexual
B trust vs. mistrust oral
1-3: autonomy vs. shame anal
3-6 initiative vs. guilt phallic
6-12 industry vs. inferiority latency
12-18 identity vs. role genital
18-35 intimacy vs. isolation
35-65 generative vs. stagnation
65+ integrity vs. despair
guilt and pride are governed by which component of personality?
super-ego (think it is concerned with what others think)
What is psychoanalytical therapy?
various methods to help someone become more aware of their unconsciousness. This is often involved in strengthening the ego to make decisions over the Id (pleasure) and superego (pride and self-importance) influences
this is when you talk to a therapist aloud
humanistic perspective of personality:
who developed this theory
Carl Rogers
