Endocrine 2.0 (peptide vs. steroid) Flashcards
peptide vs. steroid:
structure?
peptide = hydrophillic
steroid = hyrdophobic
peptide vs. steroid:
site of synthesis
peptide = rough ER
steroid = smooth ER
peptide vs. steroid:
regulation of release (i.e. storage and exit)
peptide = stored in vesicles and released by exocytosis
steroid = made when needed and diffused
peptide vs. steroid:
transport in blood
peptides = free not bound to anything
steroids = on plasma proteins such as albumin (note: when bound they are not biologically active)
peptide vs. steroid:
mechanism of effects
peptides = binds plasma receptor which initiates a 2nd messenger system (ca++ or cAMP). These effects alter already made enzyme activity
steroid = binds a cytoplasmic receptor effecting transcription / gene expression
peptide vs. steroid:
timing of effects
peptide: fast but short lived
steroid: slow but long lasting
List the hormones release organ and cell, its target cell, the effects it induces, and whether it is peptide, steroid, or amino acid derived:
Hypothalamic hormones (TRH, CRH, PRH, GnRH, GHRH/GHIH)
all effect the anterior pituitary by trophic means.
they are all peptide hormones.
List the hormones release organ and cell, its target cell, the effects it induces, and whether it is peptide, steroid, or amino acid derived:
anterior pituitary hormones (TSH, ACTH, prolactin, FSH/LH, GH)
variety of effects. They are all peptide hormones
List the hormones release organ and cell, its target cell, the effects it induces, and whether it is peptide, steroid, or amino acid derived:
posterior pituitary (ADH aka vasopressin and Oxytocin)
both peptide hormones
List the hormones release organ and cell, its target cell, the effects it induces, and whether it is peptide, steroid, or amino acid derived:
thyroid hormone
steroid hormone released by the thyroid. necessary for physical and neurological development and proper metabolic rate
List the hormones release organ and cell, its target cell, the effects it induces, and whether it is peptide, steroid, or amino acid derived:
calcitonin
released from C cells of the thyroid gland. This tries to decrease the amount of calcium in the blood by inhibiting osteoclasts and kidney reabsorption of calcium.
it is a peptide
List the hormones release organ and cell, its target cell, the effects it induces, and whether it is peptide, steroid, or amino acid derived:
PTH
increases calcium by stimualting osteoclasts and promoting the kidneys to convert vitamin D to calcitrol which increases the absorption of calcium by the gut
it is a peptide
List the hormones release organ and cell, its target cell, the effects it induces, and whether it is peptide, steroid, or amino acid derived:
thymosin (released by thymus)
Thymosin is only produced in kids which is for T cell development
it is a peptide
List the hormones release organ and cell, its target cell, the effects it induces, and whether it is peptide, steroid, or amino acid derived:
epinephrine
released by the adrenal medulla, it is an amino acid derived hormone! has rapid effects in stress responses.
List the hormones release organ and cell, its target cell, the effects it induces, and whether it is peptide, steroid, or amino acid derived:
adrenal cortex hormones (cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones)
cortisol –> steroid, mobilizes energy sources, increases metabolic rate. (glucocorticoid)
aldosterone –> steroid, it increases sodium reabsorption by the collecting duct and distal tubule
sex steroids –> steroids, adrenal cortex tumour can over produce these. Also 21-hydroxy deficiency causes cortisol and aldosterone to drop and these to be overproduced
List the hormones release organ and cell, its target cell, the effects it induces, and whether it is peptide, steroid, or amino acid derived:
pancreatic hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin
alpha cells –> peptide glucagon which increases blood glucose
beta cells –> peptide insulin which decreases blood G
delta cells —> peptide somatostatin which inhibits GI process and growth,
List the hormones release organ and cell, its target cell, the effects it induces, and whether it is peptide, steroid, or amino acid derived:
testosterone from testes
estrogen / progesterone from ovaries / placenta
ALL steroids
List the hormones release organ and cell, its target cell, the effects it induces, and whether it is peptide, steroid, or amino acid derived:
atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)
peptide hormone that responds to atrial stretching.
it promotes the kidney to secrete sodium
List the hormones release organ and cell, its target cell, the effects it induces, and whether it is peptide, steroid, or amino acid derived:
erythropoietin
produced by kidneys and is responsible for hematopoiesis in red bone marrow.
peptide
