Dudes and what they discoverd Flashcards
Ivan Pavlov
Classical conditioning (associative learning) where he made dogs connect the sound of a bell with food.
B.F. Skinner
He was a behaviourist who worked on rats. He discovered operant conditioning in which he gave rats a reward for positive stimuli or took away pain for positive stimuli
Albert Bandura
Albert Bandura discovered observational aka vicarious learning. She did an experiment on modelling by making a bunch of kids watch different videos of an adult and a play doll. In every situation the kids mimicked the adult.
intelligence: Francis Galton
he first tried to define intelligence and stated it was strictly up to genetics
intelligence: Alfred Binet
he created the first cognition tests which later became the IQ test
intelligence: Charles Spearman
he defined general intelligence and agreed with Alfred Binet that intelligence can be tested by cognitive tests.
intelligence: Raymond Cattel
he divided intelligence into two compartments
- fluid intelligence: think on your feet
- crystallized intelligence: learn and recall
intelligence: Howard Gardner
divided intelligence into 8 aspects including social intelligence
Mary Ainsworth?
she performed strange experiments where she separated children from their moms in different settings to see how they would react (discovered secure and insecure attachment)
Harlows?
worked on monkey’s to discover attachment
Alan Baddeley?
working memory
- phenological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, central executive
Sigmund Freud
- developed the id, ego, and super ego in psychoanalytical theory of personality (governed by unconsciousness)
2 developed the psychosexual stages of personality
Erik Eriksen
developed the psychosocial stages of personality
Carl Rogers
developed humanistic theory of personality: focuses on the fact the people are inherently good and they assimilate to their care takers beliefs from a young age.
Raymond Cattle
discovered the 5 OCEAN traits for source traits
Hans Eyesenck
biological perspective of personality: stated introverts are more easily aroused and need less external stimulation
Jeffrey Alan Gray
proposed personality is governed by three brain systems
Cloninger
linked brain systems to reward and punishment. He evaluated neurotransmitter levels and personality
Abraham Maslow
developed a hierarchy of needs indicating we only accomplish high needs once basic ones have been met
who was Philip Zimbardo?
He created an experiment in Stanford called the prisoner study. He made half his class “prisoners” and the other half “ guards “ and found that after a few days, the students had truly adopted the attitudes of their roles.
Charles Cooley
proposed the idea of the looking glass self for identity –> a persons sense of self develops from social interaction and the persons self concept is influenced by the persons understanding on how others perceive them. (live up to expectations)
Herbert Blumer
4 kinds of collective behaviour
Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
6 stages of moral development (3 levels)
Kitty Genovese
she was murdered in New York and is the cause of the discovery of the bystander effect
