Dudes and what they discoverd

Question 1

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 1

Classical conditioning (associative learning) where he made dogs connect the sound of a bell with food.

Question 2

B.F. Skinner

Answer 2

He was a behaviourist who worked on rats. He discovered operant conditioning in which he gave rats a reward for positive stimuli or took away pain for positive stimuli

Question 3

Albert Bandura

Answer 3

Albert Bandura discovered observational aka vicarious learning. She did an experiment on modelling by making a bunch of kids watch different videos of an adult and a play doll. In every situation the kids mimicked the adult.

Question 4

intelligence: Francis Galton

Answer 4

he first tried to define intelligence and stated it was strictly up to genetics

Question 5

intelligence: Alfred Binet

Answer 5

he created the first cognition tests which later became the IQ test

Question 6

intelligence: Charles Spearman

Answer 6

he defined general intelligence and agreed with Alfred Binet that intelligence can be tested by cognitive tests.

Question 7

intelligence: Raymond Cattel

Answer 7

he divided intelligence into two compartments

1. fluid intelligence: think on your feet
2. crystallized intelligence: learn and recall

Question 8

intelligence: Howard Gardner

Answer 8

divided intelligence into 8 aspects including social intelligence

Question 9

Mary Ainsworth?

Answer 9

she performed strange experiments where she separated children from their moms in different settings to see how they would react (discovered secure and insecure attachment)

Question 10

Harlows?

Answer 10

worked on monkey’s to discover attachment

Question 11

Alan Baddeley?

Answer 11

working memory

- phenological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, central executive

Question 12

Sigmund Freud

Answer 12

1. developed the id, ego, and super ego in psychoanalytical theory of personality (governed by unconsciousness)
   2 developed the psychosexual stages of personality

Question 13

Erik Eriksen

Answer 13

developed the psychosocial stages of personality

Question 14

Carl Rogers

Answer 14

developed humanistic theory of personality: focuses on the fact the people are inherently good and they assimilate to their care takers beliefs from a young age.

Question 15

Raymond Cattle

Answer 15

discovered the 5 OCEAN traits for source traits

Question 16

Hans Eyesenck

Answer 16

biological perspective of personality: stated introverts are more easily aroused and need less external stimulation

Question 17

Jeffrey Alan Gray

Answer 17

proposed personality is governed by three brain systems

Question 18

Cloninger

Answer 18

linked brain systems to reward and punishment. He evaluated neurotransmitter levels and personality

Question 19

Abraham Maslow

Answer 19

developed a hierarchy of needs indicating we only accomplish high needs once basic ones have been met

Question 20

who was Philip Zimbardo?

Answer 20

He created an experiment in Stanford called the prisoner study. He made half his class “prisoners” and the other half “ guards “ and found that after a few days, the students had truly adopted the attitudes of their roles.

Question 21

Charles Cooley

Answer 21

proposed the idea of the looking glass self for identity –> a persons sense of self develops from social interaction and the persons self concept is influenced by the persons understanding on how others perceive them. (live up to expectations)

Question 22

Herbert Blumer

Answer 22

4 kinds of collective behaviour

Question 23

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 23

6 stages of moral development (3 levels)

Question 24

Kitty Genovese

Answer 24

she was murdered in New York and is the cause of the discovery of the bystander effect

Question 25

Emile durkhiem

Answer 25

father of sociology and a functionalist

Question 26

Karl Marx and Max Weber

Answer 26

conflict theory of society

Question 27

Goerge mead

Answer 27

developed the symbolic interactionism of sociology

Question 28

anne triesman and donald broadbent?

Answer 28

anne triesman –> attenutation model of selective attention

donald broadbent –> selective filter model for selective attention