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GRE Psyc > Personality & Abnormal > Flashcards

Personality & Abnormal Flashcards

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1
Q

William Sheldon

A

characterized people by body type, relating body type to personality type

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2
Q

endomorphy

A

soft & spherical- relaxed, comfortable, extroverts

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3
Q

mesomorphy

A

hard, muscular & rectangular- active, dynamic, assertive, aggressive

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4
Q

ectomorphy

A

thin, fragile, and lightly muscled- introverted, thoughtful, inhibited, sensitive

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5
Q

Humanism

A

free will & the idea that people should be considered as wholes rather than in terms of stimuli & responses ( behaviorism) or instincts (psychoanalysis)

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6
Q

General Paresis

A

disorder characterized by delusions of grandeur, mental deterioration, eventual paralysis & death –>cause by brain deterioration from syphillis

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7
Q

Sigmund Freud’s Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytic Theory

A
  • id- unconscious (pleasure principle/wish-fulfillment)
  • ego- mostly conscious (reality principle)
  • superego- mostly preconscious (moral branch; ideal not real)
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8
Q

defense mechanism: repression

A

unconscious forgetting of anxiety producing memories

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9
Q

defense mechanism: suppression

A

deliberate, conscious form of forgetting

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10
Q

defense mechanism: projection

A

attribute forbidden urges to others

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11
Q

defense mechanism: reaction formation

A

a repressed wish is warded off by its diametrical opposite

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12
Q

defense mechanism: rationalization

A

process of developing a socially acceptable explanation for inappropriate behavior or thoughts

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13
Q

defense mechanism: regression

A

reverting to an earlier stage of development in response to a traumatic event

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14
Q

defense mechanism: displacement

A

pent up feelings (often hostility) are discharged on objects & people less dangers than those objects or people causing the feelings

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15
Q

defense mechanism: sublimation

A

transforming unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behaviors

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16
Q

Alfred Adler’s inferiority complex

A

striving toward superiority drives the personality

17
Q

Object-Relations Theory

A

“object” refers to the symbolic representation of a significant part of the young child’s personality

18
Q

Behaviorism

A

behavior is learned as people interact w/ the environment

19
Q

B.F Skinner’s idea of behaviorism

A

personality is a collection of behavior that happens to have been sufficiently reinforced to persist

20
Q

Albert Bandura

A

Bobo doll–> modeling observed behavior (social learning theory)

21
Q

Martin Seligman’s Learned Helplessness

A

study w/ dogs

22
Q

Beck’s Cognitive Therapy for Depression

A

negative thinking rather than underlying conflicts causes depression–> think in less destructive ways

23
Q

Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)

A

recognize irrational beliefs and change to more rational

24
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

hierarchy of human needs–> once lower needs are satisfied then higher ones can be satisfied

25
Q

George Kelly

A

believed individual to be like a scientist, a person who devises and tests predictions about the behavior of significant people in his or her life

26
Q

Carl Rogers

A

client-centered therapy

27
Q

DSM Axis

A

Axis I- most frequently diagnosed disorders, except personality disorders & mental retardation

Axis II- personality disorders & mental retardation

Axis III- relevant general medical conditions

Axis IV- psychosocial & environmental problems

Axis V- global assessment of psychological, social, & occupational functioning (GAF) –>0-100 scale

28
Q

Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

behaviors, thoughts or affects added to normal behavior (delusions, hallucinations, etc)

29
Q

Negative symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

absence of normal or desired behavior ( flat affect)

30
Q

Dopamine Hypothesis

A

excess of dopamine at certain sites–> or sensitivity to dopamine

31
Q

Double Bind hypothesis

A

as a child, received contradictory and mututally incompatible messages by his or her primary caregiver (usually the mother)

32
Q

Somatoform Disorders

A

presence of physical symptoms that suggest a medical condition but which are not fully explained by a mental condition

33
Q

Conversion disorder

A

unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions

34
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

inability to recall past experience

35
Q

dissociative fugue

A

amnesia that accompanies a sudden, unexpected move away from one’s home or location of usual daily activities (may assume new identity)

36
Q

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

(formerly known as multiple personality disorder) 2 ore more personalities that take control of persons behavior

37
Q

depersonalization disorder

A

person feels detached, like an outside observer of his or her mental processes and/or behavior

38
Q

Diathesis-Stress Model

A

having a predisposition to a disorder, which is triggered by stress

39
Q

David Rosenhan (1973)

A

Being Sane in an Insane Place

GRE Psyc (8 decks)

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