Personality & Abnormal

Question 1

William Sheldon

Answer 1

characterized people by body type, relating body type to personality type

Question 2

endomorphy

Answer 2

soft & spherical- relaxed, comfortable, extroverts

Question 3

mesomorphy

Answer 3

hard, muscular & rectangular- active, dynamic, assertive, aggressive

Question 4

ectomorphy

Answer 4

thin, fragile, and lightly muscled- introverted, thoughtful, inhibited, sensitive

Question 5

Humanism

Answer 5

free will & the idea that people should be considered as wholes rather than in terms of stimuli & responses ( behaviorism) or instincts (psychoanalysis)

Question 6

General Paresis

Answer 6

disorder characterized by delusions of grandeur, mental deterioration, eventual paralysis & death –>cause by brain deterioration from syphillis

Question 7

Sigmund Freud’s Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 7

• id- unconscious (pleasure principle/wish-fulfillment)
• ego- mostly conscious (reality principle)
• superego- mostly preconscious (moral branch; ideal not real)

Question 8

defense mechanism: repression

Answer 8

unconscious forgetting of anxiety producing memories

Question 9

defense mechanism: suppression

Answer 9

deliberate, conscious form of forgetting

Question 10

defense mechanism: projection

Answer 10

attribute forbidden urges to others

Question 11

defense mechanism: reaction formation

Answer 11

a repressed wish is warded off by its diametrical opposite

Question 12

defense mechanism: rationalization

Answer 12

process of developing a socially acceptable explanation for inappropriate behavior or thoughts

Question 13

defense mechanism: regression

Answer 13

reverting to an earlier stage of development in response to a traumatic event

Question 14

defense mechanism: displacement

Answer 14

pent up feelings (often hostility) are discharged on objects & people less dangers than those objects or people causing the feelings

Question 15

defense mechanism: sublimation

Answer 15

transforming unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behaviors

Question 16

Alfred Adler’s inferiority complex

Answer 16

striving toward superiority drives the personality

Question 17

Object-Relations Theory

Answer 17

“object” refers to the symbolic representation of a significant part of the young child’s personality

Question 18

Behaviorism

Answer 18

behavior is learned as people interact w/ the environment

Question 19

B.F Skinner’s idea of behaviorism

Answer 19

personality is a collection of behavior that happens to have been sufficiently reinforced to persist

Question 20

Albert Bandura

Answer 20

Bobo doll–> modeling observed behavior (social learning theory)

Question 21

Martin Seligman’s Learned Helplessness

Answer 21

study w/ dogs

Question 22

Beck’s Cognitive Therapy for Depression

Answer 22

negative thinking rather than underlying conflicts causes depression–> think in less destructive ways

Question 23

Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)

Answer 23

recognize irrational beliefs and change to more rational

Question 24

Abraham Maslow

Answer 24

hierarchy of human needs–> once lower needs are satisfied then higher ones can be satisfied

Question 25

George Kelly

Answer 25

believed individual to be like a scientist, a person who devises and tests predictions about the behavior of significant people in his or her life

Question 26

Carl Rogers

Answer 26

client-centered therapy

Question 27

DSM Axis

Answer 27

Axis I- most frequently diagnosed disorders, except personality disorders & mental retardation Axis II- personality disorders & mental retardation Axis III- relevant general medical conditions Axis IV- psychosocial & environmental problems Axis V- global assessment of psychological, social, & occupational functioning (GAF) -->0-100 scale

Question 28

Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia

Answer 28

behaviors, thoughts or affects added to normal behavior (delusions, hallucinations, etc)

Question 29

Negative symptoms of Schizophrenia

Answer 29

absence of normal or desired behavior ( flat affect)

Question 30

Dopamine Hypothesis

Answer 30

excess of dopamine at certain sites--> or sensitivity to dopamine

Question 31

Double Bind hypothesis

Answer 31

as a child, received contradictory and mututally incompatible messages by his or her primary caregiver (usually the mother)

Question 32

Somatoform Disorders

Answer 32

presence of physical symptoms that suggest a medical condition but which are not fully explained by a mental condition

Question 33

Conversion disorder

Answer 33

unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions

Question 34

Dissociative amnesia

Answer 34

inability to recall past experience

Question 35

dissociative fugue

Answer 35

amnesia that accompanies a sudden, unexpected move away from one's home or location of usual daily activities (may assume new identity)

Question 36

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 36

(formerly known as multiple personality disorder) 2 ore more personalities that take control of persons behavior

Question 37

depersonalization disorder

Answer 37

person feels detached, like an outside observer of his or her mental processes and/or behavior

Question 38

Diathesis-Stress Model

Answer 38

having a predisposition to a disorder, which is triggered by stress

Question 39

David Rosenhan (1973)

Answer 39

Being Sane in an Insane Place