Learning & Ethology

Question 1

classical conditioning

Answer 1

result of learning connections between different events (Pavlov)

Question 2

forward conditioning

Answer 2

presenting the unconditioned stimulus following the conditioned stimulus

Question 3

backward conditioning

Answer 3

presenting the conditioned stimulus following the unconditioned stimulus; generally unsuccessful

Question 4

extinction

Answer 4

repeatedly presenting the CS without the UCS

Question 5

spontaneous recovery

Answer 5

after extinction and a period of rest, presenting the CS without the uCS will again elicit a weak CR

Question 6

generalization

Answer 6

after conditioning, the tendency for stimuli similar to the original CS to elicit the CR

Question 7

Operant Conditioning

Answer 7

• reward learning

- based on learning the relationship between one’s actions and their consequences

Question 8

E.L Thorndike’s Law of Effect

Answer 8

if a response is followed by an annoying consequence, the animal will be less likely to emit the same response in the future

Question 9

positive reinforcement

Answer 9

the probability that the desire response will be performed is increased by giving the organism something it wants (reward) whenever it makes the desired response

Question 10

negative reinforcement

Answer 10

the probability that the desired response will be performed is increased by taking away or preventing something undesirable whenever the desired response is made

Question 11

punishment

Answer 11

probability that a response will be made is decreased by giving the organism something undesirable whenever the response is made

Question 12

extinction

Answer 12

behavior that used to bring reward no longer does so

Question 13

ethology

Answer 13

the study of animal behavior under natural conditions