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Y1 Sports Psychology > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Personality

A

The sum of characteristics that make a person unique

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2
Q

Psychological Core

A

Deep, basic component - Attitudes, values, beliefs (Constant & Internal)

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3
Q

Typical Responses

A

Typical adjustments to the environment - eg Shy

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4
Q

Role-Related Behaviour

A

How you act in a specific situation - eg parent, student, friend (Dynamic & External)

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5
Q

Psychodynamic approach

A
  • Believes unconscious determinants (instinctive drives) + Conscience aspects (ego) combine too form Behaviour
  • Understanding a person as a whole rather than isolating traits
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6
Q

Psychodynamic approach - Pros & Cons

A

Pros - displays importance of unconscious determinants

Cons - focuses entirely on internal determinants

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7
Q

Trait approach

A
  • Behaviour relatively stable, traits predispose actions regardless of situation eg Competitiveness
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8
Q

Trait approach - Pros & Cons

A

Pros - emphasises the importance of traits

Cons - Does not factor in the situation/environment

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9
Q

Situational approach

A
  • Behaviour largely determined by situation & environment (observational learning & social reinforcement links)
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10
Q

Situation approach - Pros & Cons

A

Pros - Importance of the environmental influence

Cons - disregards internal factors

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11
Q

Interactional approach

A
  • Psychological traits and environmental factors codetermine behaviour
  • Preferred theory of S & E Psychologists
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12
Q

Interactional approach - Pros & Cons

A

Pros - considers internal and external factors

Cons - none

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13
Q

Phenomenological approach

A
  • Same as interactional approach + influence of how the individual interpretants themselves and the situation
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14
Q

Phenomenological approach - Pros & Cons

A

Pros - considers both factors and can explain unique behaviours in athletes
Cons - None

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15
Q

Perfectionism & 4 dimensions

A
  • Personality style of setting v high standards & striving for them
  • Personal standards
  • Concern over mistakes
  • Perceived parental pressure
  • Perceived coach pressure
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16
Q

Maladaptive/unhealthy Perfectionism

A
  • focus on high standards and also concern of mistakes & evaluation, leads to = over training & poor performance
17
Q

Adaptive/healthy Perfectionism

A
  • focus of high standards wo/ excess worry = Better learning & performance
18
Q

Measuring personality goals

A
  • Attempting too understand the personality - performance link
  • Sport specific measures are better than general personality tests for predicting behaviour
19
Q

Sport-Specific measures examples

A
  • Sport competition anxiety test - measures competitive trait anxiety (Martens 1977)
  • Competitive state anxiety inventory - measures pre comp state anxiety (Martens, Burton et al 1982)
  • Trait-State confidence inventory - measures sports confidence(Vealey 1986)
20
Q

Principles of testing & Measurement error

A
  • Tests aren’t perfect and making predicts based of their results is unethical (don’t pick teams off results)
  • Measurement errors could be due to age or ethical differences between the people being tested and the intended participants
  • Athletes may lie on tests
  • Confidentiality
21
Q

Research findings - Personality & Gender

A
  • There are links between personality and performance but they cannot be perfectly explained
  • Consistent personality differences distinguish athletes & non athletes but this differences are small
  • little difference between elite athletes of both genders
22
Q

Morgan’s mental health model & Profiles of mood states (POMS)

A
  • Positive mental health as assessed by the POMS score has a direct link too athletic success
  • Iceberg profile - high vigour low tension, depression, anger, fatigue
23
Q

POMS uses

A 
SHOULDN'T 
- be used for team selection 
SHOULD
- monitor mindset
- identify problems
- improve mood
24
Q

Big 5 Personality traits

A

Neuroticism (nervousness, anxiety, anger)
Extraversion (enthusiasm, sociability, assertiveness)
Openness too experience (originality, curiosity)
Agreeableness (modesty, amiability)
Conscientiousness (constraint, self discipline)

25
Q

big 5 correlations to Physical activity

A

meta analysis revealed:

  • Extraversion & conscientiousness are positively related too physical activity involvement
  • Neuroticism is negatively related
26
Q

Cognitive strategies & Success

A
  • generally higher level performers can cope better with anxiety and use positive self talk & imagery effectively (Gymnastics example 1977)
  • coping w/ adversity, goal setting & mental prep too

Y1 Sports Psychology (9 decks)

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