Motivation

Question 1

Building motivation - 5 guidelines

Answer 1

1. Consider both situations and traits in motivating people
2. Understand peoples multiple motives for involvement
3. Change the environment to enhance motivation
4. Influence motivation
5. Use behaviour modifications to change participants undesirable motives

Question 2

Consider both situations and traits in motivating people - explain

Answer 2

• Sometimes traits or situation blamed eg not caring or boring content
• low participate motivation is usually a mix of the two
• To ^ motivation analyse and respond to players personality & personal/situational characteristics

Question 3

Understand peoples multiple motives for involvement - explain

Answer 3

• lots of different motives eg skill development, health, challenge, fun
• varies between gender , age & culture
• Self determination theory - motivation to satisfy 3 general needs = Competence, Autonomy, Social connectedness
• Observe & talk to participants to greater understand motives and help ^ motivation

Question 4

Change the environment to enhance motivation - explain

Answer 4

• To ^ motivation structure learning/coaching environments to suit all
• Provide competition & recreation
• Provide multiple opportunities (eg intense training & fun)
• Adjust to individuals (eg their personalities and how they respond to criticism ect)

Question 5

Influence motivation - explain

Answer 5

• Coaches/professionals attitudes indirectly influence learners/clients motivation
• Use tech to ^ motivation eg gps, games, fitbit

Question 6

Use behaviour modifications to change participants undesirable motives - explain

Answer 6

• eg reinforce clean tackles to change children’s behaviour from being motivation to injure people

Question 7

Achievement motivation - explain

Answer 7

• Achievement motivation = persons effort to master a task, excel, beat others ect
• ## Highly desirable trait (called competitiveness in sporting context)

Question 8

Achievement motivation - Need achievement theory (5 components)

Answer 8

• Personality factors - motive to achieve or avoid failure
• Situational factors - success probability & incentive value of success
• Resultant tendency - approach success or avoid failure
• Emotional reactions - success pride/shame failure
• Achievement behaviour - look for challenge & achievement = ^ perf or the opposite = ↓ perf

Question 9

Achievement motivation perf link & significance

Answer 9

• Achievement motivation = tendency to strive for success, persevere & experience pride w/ accomplishment
• High achievers select challenging tasks w/ intermediate risk & like evaluation opposites for low perf
• AM contribution = task preference & performance predictions

Question 10

Competitivness - explain

Answer 10

• ‘a disposition to strive for satisfaction when making comparison with some standard of excellence in the presence of evaluative others’
• Competitiveness = achievement motivation in sporting context

Question 11

Effects of motivation on behaviour, thoughts & feelings

Answer 11

• Choice of activity (level of competition they chose)
• Effect to pursue goals (volume of practice)
• Intensity of effort
• Persistence (reaction to adversity)

Question 12

Intrinsic motivation & extrinsic rewards

Answer 12

• Sport uses extrinsic reward extensively
• Intrinsically motivated people strive for mastery therefore motivating themselves eg personal goals & getting the most out of what they put in

Question 13

Factors affecting intrinsic/extrinsic motivation

Answer 13

• Success & failure (experiences influence competence)
• Focus of competition
• Coaches behaviours

Question 14

Types of Intrinsic motivation

Answer 14

• Knowledge (learning/understanding)
• Accomplishment (satisfaction of mastery)
• Stimulation (fun/excitement)

Question 15

types of Extrinsic motivation

Answer 15

• Integrated regulation (activity personally important due to a valued outcome)
• Identified regulation (highly valued/accepted behaviour)
• Introjected regulation (motivation from internal prods and pressures eg impressing opposite sex)
• External regulation (rewards and praise

Question 16

Amotivation - explain

Answer 16

neither extrinsic or intrinsic, individuals have feelings of incompetence and lack of control (may have lost interest or feel they are forced)

Question 17

Do Extrinsic rewards undermine Intrinsic motivation

Answer 17

• To an extent the more extrinsically motivated a person is the less intrinsically motivated they are
• eg being paid for on an intrinsically interesting activity can decrease a persons intrinsic motivation for the activity

Question 18

Autonomy-supportive & Controlling interpersonal coaching style

Answer 18

Autonomy-supportive coach - encourage initiative, involved decision making, rationale task engagement, non-judgemental, understands their perspectives
Controlling coach - excessive monitoring, marginalises input, intimidating behaviour, authoritarian

Question 19

Strategies for increasing intrinsic motivation

Answer 19

• Provided successful experiences (positive feedback & ^ confidence)
• Perf based rewards (emphasise informational aspect)
• Verbal & non-verbal praise (positive feedback goes a long way)
• Varied training (maintains motivation levels)
• Involved decision making (^ perception of control & accomplishment)
• Performance goals (realistic & achievable = ^ motivation)