Personality

Question 1

Consistent set of characteristics (traits) that people display over time and across situations, and that distinguish individuals from each other.

Answer 1

Personality

Question 2

A view of personality that regards behavioral traits as mostly a function of life experiences, not of innate or genetically based origin. (Environmental)

Answer 2

Situationism (Social learning)

Question 3

Personality is shaped by associations with other people while in specific social situations.

Questions evidence of enduring personality traits.

Emphasizes that people change as their environment changes.

Answer 3

Social learning theory

Question 4

Environmental and social influences

Answer 4

Birth order (different roles of first born), gender (different societal roles), and culture

Question 5

Gender assigned for agency (competition achievement)

Answer 5

Male

Question 6

Gender assigned for communality (social connectives)

Answer 6

Female

Question 7

Western countries: Emphasizes personal freedom, individual accomplishment and equality.

Members of culture view themselves as separate, independent and aspiring to attain self esteem.

Answer 7

Individualist Cultures

Question 8

Far eastern countries: Emphasizes needs of group over the individual, humanity, social order, and honoring the family,

Members of culture view themselves as connected, interdependent, and self critical.

Answer 8

Collectivist cultures

Question 9

A view of personality in which both inherent traits and situations are believed to affect behavior, thoughts, and feelings.

Genetic potentiality and environment influences

Answer 9

Interactionism

Question 10

Which culture?

1. Musical chairs
2. shoe mix game

Answer 10

1. individualist

2. collectivist

Question 11

Personality traits that show up early in life. (Genetics)

Innate inclinations to engage in certain behavior which appears early in life and persists through adulthood.

Emotionality, activity, sociability, behavior inhibition, easiness/difficulties.

Answer 11

Temperament

Question 12

Genes like prozac affects body with more happiness and less anxiety. Some aren’t born with them.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

The proportion of all variability of a given trait within a large sample of people that can be linked to genetic differences among those individuals.

Example: variability of height of 100,000 females 90% genes 10% environment

Answer 13

Heritability

Question 14

Clusters of specific personality traits that are associated and together constitute a more general personality dimension.

Answer 14

Five Factor Model of Personality

Question 15

Moody, irritable, nervous, inclined to worry.

Versus: Calm, easy going, even-tempered.

Answer 15

Neuroticism

Question 16

Sociable, outgoing, assertive, and decisive.

Versus: Withdrawn, quiet, passive, and reversed.

Answer 16

Extraversion

Question 17

Dependable, organized, hard-working.

Versus: Careless, lazy, and impulsive.

Answer 17

Conscientousness

Question 18

Good natured, warm, sympathetic, and cooperative.

Versus: Cold, hostile, argumentative, and unfriendly.

Answer 18

Agreeableness

Question 19

Imaginative, broad-minded, intellectually curious.

Versus: Practical, concrete minded

Answer 19

Openness

Question 20

The inability to recall the experience of two or more distinct identities when they take control of the person’s behavior.

Answer 20

Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple personality disorder)

Question 21

Core assumptions:

1. All psychological events have a cause and we are not free to choose our actions
2. No action is meaningless
3. We rarely understand why we do what we do

Answer 21

Psychoanalytic Theory

Question 22

Personality is formed in infancy and early childhood (first five years of life) and shows considerable continuity thereafter.

Suggests that inborn biological instincts drive behavior and that biological maturation guides all children through five stages.

Answer 22

Psychosexual development

Question 23

Birth to 18 months.
Task is to wean from bottle/breast.
Fixation: 
oral receptive (overly dependent)
oral aggressive (verbally hostile)

Answer 23

Oral Stage - Psychosexual development

Question 24

18 months to 3 years. 
Task is successful toilet training.
Fixation:
Anal retentive (Stubborn, miserly)
Anal expulsive (over emotional)

Answer 24

Anal Stage - Psychosexual development

Question 25

3 years to 6 years. 
Task is successful identification with the same-sex parent.
Fixation:
Don Juan (promiscuity)
Less masculine (Homosexuality)
Women never entirely resolve

Answer 25

Phallic stage - Psychosexual development