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Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

eldest

A

Receives a good deal of attention

Typically somewhat spoiled

Tends to be dependable

Hard working

Strives to keep ahead

When a new sibling arrives, she finds herself ousted from her favored position.

She is no longer unique or special

Readily believed that the newcomer will rob her of the love to which she is accustomed.

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2
Q

hostility becomes generalized so that it is aimed at almost anything or anybody.

A

free-floating anger

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3
Q

Moral arm of personality.

Develops from the internalized patterns of reward and punishment that a young child experiences.

MORALITY PRINCIPLE

A

Superego

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4
Q

An enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way a person interacts with the world.

The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others.

Bring continuity to an individual in different situations and at different times.

A

Personality

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4
Q

Personality is derived from

A

ancient Latin word “persona” and the medieval Latin word “personalitas” meaning mask

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5
Q

Power of unconscious mind

Role and lasting influence of infant and early childhood experiences

A

Psychodynamic theory

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7
Q

Emphasis is on research

Experiments in memory, thinking, and information processing

A

Cognitive theory

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8
Q

are stable personality characteristics that are presumed to exist within the individual and guide his or her thoughts and actions under various conditions.

A

traits

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9
Q

impulses toward self-destruction/destruction of other less threatening objects.

A

Displaced aggression

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10
Q

Portray personality as fixed and static, rather than dynamic and changing process

A

trait theories

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11
Q

the technique of encouraging individuals to say aloud whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

A

Free association

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12
Q

A person justifies behavior or thought that may otherwise be anxiety-provoking.

It is a process whereby a person presents an explanation that is either logically consistent with or ethically acceptable for an attitude, action, idea or feeling that arises from other motivating sources.

A

Rationalization

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13
Q

techniques used by freud

A

free association

dream analysis

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14
Q

the psychotherapeutic technique used to interpret a client’s dreams.

A

dream analysis

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14
Q

Psychoanalysis, the theory illustrates that the personality consists of three interacting forces:

A

id
ego
superego

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14
Q

Original core out of which the rest of the personality emerges.

Pure, natural, instinctual energy and exists completely on the unconscious level.

Demands immediate satisfaction

PLEASURE PRINCIPLE

A

ID

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15
Q

goal of id

A

to reduce tension, to increase pleasure and to minimize discomfort

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16
Q

the id strives to do this by

A

Reflex action by responding automatically to a source

wish fulfillment

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17
Q

Goes through the process of reality testing to find appropriate objects.

Operates in both the conscious and the unconscious level.

REALITY PRINCIPLE

A

Ego

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20
Q

One chooses to go into physical flight or rakes cover by going into a “shell” of psychological defenses.

A

Withdrawal Reaction

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21
Q

Personality determinants

A

heredity
environment
situation

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25
Q

The most extreme form of anxiety human beings experience is when they are separated from their mother at birth.

A

birth trauma

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26
Q

three kinds of anxiety

A

reality
neurotic
moral

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27
Q

General Theories of Personality

A

Psychodynamic
Humanistic
Trait
Cognitive

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27
Q

Functions of superego

A

conscience
self-observation
formation of ideas

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28
Q

general ways to deal with anxiety

A

Deal with the situation directly

Resolve problems, overcome obstacle, either confront or run from threats, or come to terms with the problems to minimize impact.

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29
Q

Caused by real, objective sources of danger in the environment.

A

reality anxiety

30
Q

youngest

A

Second worse position after the first born

Usually spoiled

Can never be independent

Easily loses courage to succeed by his own effort

Always ambitious

Laziness is a sign of ambition joined with discouragement

31
Q

is Freud’s therapeutic technique for analyzing an individual’s thought.

A

psychoanalysis

31
Q

Fear that the impulses of the id will overwhelm the ego & cause the person to do something for which the person will be punished.

A

neurotic anxiety

33
Q

goal of psyche

A

Maintain or regain an acceptable level of dynamic equilibrium that maximizes pleasure and minimizes tension

35
Q

are invented by the Ego in attempt to resolve the conflict between Id and superego – so that personality can operate in a healthy manner.

It denies/distorts reality while operating in an unconscious level.

If it is used once in a while, the purpose of using it is to reduce.

But if it is used frequently, it means the individual is trying to avoid facing reality

A

Defense mechanisms

36
Q

Similarities of Ego and Defense mechanisms

A

unconscious

falsify or distort reality

36
Q

ego prevents anxiety-provoking thoughts from being entertained in the conscious level.

Thoughts may either be those innately part of the id, primal repression, memories of painful experiences from one’s lifetime, or repression proper.

Repressed element is still part of the psyche, although unconscious, and still remains active.

A

Repression

37
Q

A condition where a person concentrates exclusively in developing his or her own superiority while ignoring the needs of others and of society. A person with superiority complex tends to be domineering, vain, boastful, arrogant, and insulting to others.

A

Superiority complex

38
Q

Emphasize the present, subjective reality; what a person believe is important now and how he think of himself in relation to others.

Personality is driven by needs to adapt, learn, grow, and excel.

A

Humanistic theory

39
Q

Forms of displaced aggression

A

scapegoating
free-floating anger
suicide

40
Q

an attempt to get away from a frustrating situation. This may take in the form of frequent change of residence, jobs or even with marital partners.

A

Nomadism

41
Q

Fear that a person will do something contrary to the superego and thus experience guilt.

A

moral anxiety

42
Q

anger is directed against a person or an object other than the original source of frustration.

A

scapegoating

43
Q

All individuals have a biological heritage and an array of past experiences, but it is the creative self acting upon these variables and interpreting them that will determine the person’s personality.

It is the individual’s attitude towards life which determines his relationship with the outside world.

A

Creative self

44
Q

A condition where a person becomes overwhelmed by feelings of inferiority and he is prevented from accomplishing anything, the feelings of inferiority acts as a barrier for positive accomplishment

A

Inferiority Complex

45
Q

One of the factors that affect personality.

Individuals acquire a certain style of relating to others in childhood and form a definite picture of themselves that they carry into their adult interactions.

A

Order of birth and personality

46
Q

Anger is directed towards oneself.

A

suicide

47
Q

only child

A

Never dethroned by another sibling

Experiences shock when he learns that he cannot remain the center of attention

Often very sweet and affectionate

48
Q

Displacement results in something beneficial to civilization.

Produces a higher cultural achievement

A

Sublimation

49
Q

Tendency to increase personal feelings of worth by taking on the characteristics of someone viewed as successful, or to reduce tension by modeling one’s behavior after that someone else.

A

Identification

50
Q

The ego rejects realities that are too anxiety-provoking and stores them in the unconscious.

A

denial or reality denial

50
Q

A mechanism by which something that is true of the person and which would caused anxiety if it were recognized, is repressed and seen in someone else instead.

A

Projection

51
Q

An object is found that yields some relief for pent-up tension.

A

Displacement

51
Q

was used by Adler to stress his belief that each person is an integrated whole, striving to attain future goals and attempting to find meaning in life while working harmoniously with others.

A

Individual Psychology

53
Q

A mechanism by which objectionable thoughts are repressed by expression of their opposite goals.

It masks parts of the personality and restricts a person’s capacity to respond to events.

sweet lemon sour grape

A

Reaction Formation

54
Q

A mechanism in which a person returns to an earlier stage of development when he or she experiences stress.
A way of alleviating anxiety by withdrawing from realistic thinking into behaviors that have, in earlier years, reduced anxiety.

A

Regression

57
Q

Psychosexual Stages of Development

A 
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Gential
58
Q

A person attempts to disguise the presence of a weak or undesirable trait by emphasizing a desirable one to reduce a feeling of inferiority.

A

Compensation

58
Q

Feeling of being weak, inferior and impotent that stimulates a person to seek power

A

Feelings of inferiority

59
Q

People are more vulnerable to disease in organs that are less developed on “inferior” than other organs.

Inhibit the person from functioning normally and therefore must be dealt with in some way.

A

Organ Inferiority

60
Q

To become more powerful meant to become more masculine and less feminine.

A

masculine protest

61
Q

Withdrawal Reaction

A

Fantasy/Daydreaming

Nomadism

61
Q

A fundamental fact of life.

An innate need; “built in” in all human beings at birth.

Master motive which leads people in the pursuit of a superior/perfect society.

A

Striving for Superiority

62
Q

The means by which an individual attempts to gain superiority.

Lifestyle determines which aspects of life are focused on and how it gives a person individual identity.

Specifies a person’s future goals and how they are be attained.

A

Style of life

62
Q

The fictional future goal which a person aspires.

A

fictional finalism

63
Q

a temporary escape from the hardships of real life into a world of make believe where dreams can come true.

A

Fantasy/Daydreaming

63
Q

middle child

A

Often feels squeezed out

May become convinced of the unfairness of life and feel cheated

Can assume a “poor me” attitude

Can become a problem child

In families characterized by conflicts, the child becomes the peacemaker

64
Q

second child

A

Shares the attention with another child

Extremely ambitious

The most fortunate

Believes that if someone is a step or two in front, he has to rush to get ahead

Often the opposite of the first born

Psychology (8 decks)

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