Personality Flashcards
eldest
Receives a good deal of attention
Typically somewhat spoiled
Tends to be dependable
Hard working
Strives to keep ahead
When a new sibling arrives, she finds herself ousted from her favored position.
She is no longer unique or special
Readily believed that the newcomer will rob her of the love to which she is accustomed.
hostility becomes generalized so that it is aimed at almost anything or anybody.
free-floating anger
Moral arm of personality.
Develops from the internalized patterns of reward and punishment that a young child experiences.
MORALITY PRINCIPLE
Superego
An enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way a person interacts with the world.
The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others.
Bring continuity to an individual in different situations and at different times.
Personality
Personality is derived from
ancient Latin word “persona” and the medieval Latin word “personalitas” meaning mask
Power of unconscious mind
Role and lasting influence of infant and early childhood experiences
Psychodynamic theory
Emphasis is on research
Experiments in memory, thinking, and information processing
Cognitive theory
are stable personality characteristics that are presumed to exist within the individual and guide his or her thoughts and actions under various conditions.
traits
impulses toward self-destruction/destruction of other less threatening objects.
Displaced aggression
Portray personality as fixed and static, rather than dynamic and changing process
trait theories
the technique of encouraging individuals to say aloud whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing
Free association
A person justifies behavior or thought that may otherwise be anxiety-provoking.
It is a process whereby a person presents an explanation that is either logically consistent with or ethically acceptable for an attitude, action, idea or feeling that arises from other motivating sources.
Rationalization
techniques used by freud
free association
dream analysis
the psychotherapeutic technique used to interpret a client’s dreams.
dream analysis
Psychoanalysis, the theory illustrates that the personality consists of three interacting forces:
id
ego
superego
Original core out of which the rest of the personality emerges.
Pure, natural, instinctual energy and exists completely on the unconscious level.
Demands immediate satisfaction
PLEASURE PRINCIPLE
ID
goal of id
to reduce tension, to increase pleasure and to minimize discomfort
the id strives to do this by
Reflex action by responding automatically to a source
wish fulfillment
Goes through the process of reality testing to find appropriate objects.
Operates in both the conscious and the unconscious level.
REALITY PRINCIPLE
Ego
One chooses to go into physical flight or rakes cover by going into a “shell” of psychological defenses.
Withdrawal Reaction
Personality determinants
heredity
environment
situation
The most extreme form of anxiety human beings experience is when they are separated from their mother at birth.
birth trauma
three kinds of anxiety
reality
neurotic
moral
General Theories of Personality
Psychodynamic
Humanistic
Trait
Cognitive
Functions of superego
conscience
self-observation
formation of ideas
general ways to deal with anxiety
Deal with the situation directly
Resolve problems, overcome obstacle, either confront or run from threats, or come to terms with the problems to minimize impact.
Caused by real, objective sources of danger in the environment.
reality anxiety
youngest
Second worse position after the first born
Usually spoiled
Can never be independent
Easily loses courage to succeed by his own effort
Always ambitious
Laziness is a sign of ambition joined with discouragement
is Freud’s therapeutic technique for analyzing an individual’s thought.
psychoanalysis
Fear that the impulses of the id will overwhelm the ego & cause the person to do something for which the person will be punished.
neurotic anxiety
goal of psyche
Maintain or regain an acceptable level of dynamic equilibrium that maximizes pleasure and minimizes tension
are invented by the Ego in attempt to resolve the conflict between Id and superego – so that personality can operate in a healthy manner.
It denies/distorts reality while operating in an unconscious level.
If it is used once in a while, the purpose of using it is to reduce.
But if it is used frequently, it means the individual is trying to avoid facing reality
Defense mechanisms
Similarities of Ego and Defense mechanisms
unconscious
falsify or distort reality
ego prevents anxiety-provoking thoughts from being entertained in the conscious level.
Thoughts may either be those innately part of the id, primal repression, memories of painful experiences from one’s lifetime, or repression proper.
Repressed element is still part of the psyche, although unconscious, and still remains active.
Repression
A condition where a person concentrates exclusively in developing his or her own superiority while ignoring the needs of others and of society. A person with superiority complex tends to be domineering, vain, boastful, arrogant, and insulting to others.
Superiority complex
Emphasize the present, subjective reality; what a person believe is important now and how he think of himself in relation to others.
Personality is driven by needs to adapt, learn, grow, and excel.
Humanistic theory
Forms of displaced aggression
scapegoating
free-floating anger
suicide
an attempt to get away from a frustrating situation. This may take in the form of frequent change of residence, jobs or even with marital partners.
Nomadism
Fear that a person will do something contrary to the superego and thus experience guilt.
moral anxiety
anger is directed against a person or an object other than the original source of frustration.
scapegoating
All individuals have a biological heritage and an array of past experiences, but it is the creative self acting upon these variables and interpreting them that will determine the person’s personality.
It is the individual’s attitude towards life which determines his relationship with the outside world.
Creative self
A condition where a person becomes overwhelmed by feelings of inferiority and he is prevented from accomplishing anything, the feelings of inferiority acts as a barrier for positive accomplishment
Inferiority Complex
One of the factors that affect personality.
Individuals acquire a certain style of relating to others in childhood and form a definite picture of themselves that they carry into their adult interactions.
Order of birth and personality
Anger is directed towards oneself.
suicide
only child
Never dethroned by another sibling
Experiences shock when he learns that he cannot remain the center of attention
Often very sweet and affectionate
Displacement results in something beneficial to civilization.
Produces a higher cultural achievement
Sublimation
Tendency to increase personal feelings of worth by taking on the characteristics of someone viewed as successful, or to reduce tension by modeling one’s behavior after that someone else.
Identification
The ego rejects realities that are too anxiety-provoking and stores them in the unconscious.
denial or reality denial
A mechanism by which something that is true of the person and which would caused anxiety if it were recognized, is repressed and seen in someone else instead.
Projection
An object is found that yields some relief for pent-up tension.
Displacement
was used by Adler to stress his belief that each person is an integrated whole, striving to attain future goals and attempting to find meaning in life while working harmoniously with others.
Individual Psychology
A mechanism by which objectionable thoughts are repressed by expression of their opposite goals.
It masks parts of the personality and restricts a person’s capacity to respond to events.
sweet lemon sour grape
Reaction Formation
A mechanism in which a person returns to an earlier stage of development when he or she experiences stress.
A way of alleviating anxiety by withdrawing from realistic thinking into behaviors that have, in earlier years, reduced anxiety.
Regression
Psychosexual Stages of Development
Oral Anal Phallic Latency Gential
A person attempts to disguise the presence of a weak or undesirable trait by emphasizing a desirable one to reduce a feeling of inferiority.
Compensation
Feeling of being weak, inferior and impotent that stimulates a person to seek power
Feelings of inferiority
People are more vulnerable to disease in organs that are less developed on “inferior” than other organs.
Inhibit the person from functioning normally and therefore must be dealt with in some way.
Organ Inferiority
To become more powerful meant to become more masculine and less feminine.
masculine protest
Withdrawal Reaction
Fantasy/Daydreaming
Nomadism
A fundamental fact of life.
An innate need; “built in” in all human beings at birth.
Master motive which leads people in the pursuit of a superior/perfect society.
Striving for Superiority
The means by which an individual attempts to gain superiority.
Lifestyle determines which aspects of life are focused on and how it gives a person individual identity.
Specifies a person’s future goals and how they are be attained.
Style of life
The fictional future goal which a person aspires.
fictional finalism
a temporary escape from the hardships of real life into a world of make believe where dreams can come true.
Fantasy/Daydreaming
middle child
Often feels squeezed out
May become convinced of the unfairness of life and feel cheated
Can assume a “poor me” attitude
Can become a problem child
In families characterized by conflicts, the child becomes the peacemaker
second child
Shares the attention with another child
Extremely ambitious
The most fortunate
Believes that if someone is a step or two in front, he has to rush to get ahead
Often the opposite of the first born
