Finals Flashcards

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1
Q

Concerned with muscular maturation and the accompanying ability to hold on or let go.

A

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

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2
Q

A turning point

Moments of decision between progress and regression, integration and retardation

A

crisis

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3
Q

social stimulant and nervous system depressant

A

alcohol

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4
Q

Development of a strong sense of basic trust implies not only that one has learned to rely on the sameness and continuity of outer providers, but also that one may trust oneself and the capacities of one’s own organs to cope with urges.

Mothers who trust their ability to care for their babies and trust in the healthy development of their children are able to communicate to the infant the sense of trust in the self and in the world.

A

Basic Trust vs Basic Mistrust

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5
Q

virtue learned in initiative vs guilt

A

purpose

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6
Q

The enduring belief in the attainability of fervent wishes, inspite of the dark urges and rages which mark the beginning of existence.

A

Hope

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7
Q

a parental model that supports self-observation, self-guidance, and also self-punishment.

A

conscience

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8
Q

The beginning of an entrance into life outside the family.

Stage of systematic instruction

The child needs to do well and develops a sense of work completion and satisfaction in a job well done.

Otherwise, the child develops a sense of inferiority and inequality.

When a child feel inadequate in comparison with their peers in achievements, skills, and abilities they develop a sense of inferiority.

Successful children in contrast, emerge with a feeling of competence and pleasure in their work –a sense of industry.

A

Industry vs Inferiority

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9
Q

virtue learned in industry vs inferiority

A

competence

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10
Q

As childhood ends, adolescents begin to integrate their past experiences into a new whole.

They question role models and identifications of the past and try out new roles.

A new sense of identity is develop.

The difficult transition between childhood and adulthood can be strongly affected by social limitations and possibilities.

The adolescent is likely to suffer from some confusion of roles.

Doubts about sexual attractiveness and sexual identity are common at this stage.

A

Identity vs Identity confusion

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11
Q

from a type of cactus

A

mescaline

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12
Q

virtue learned in Basic Trust vs Basic Mistrust

A

hope

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14
Q

Developmental tasks during the life span according to Havighurst

A

Achieving a new and more mature relations with age-mates of both sexes
Achieving a masculine or feminine social roles
Accepting one’s physique and using one’s body effectively
Desiring, accepting, and achieving socially responsible behavior
Achieving emotional independence from parents and other adults
Preparing for economic career
Preparing for marriage and family life
Acquiring a set of values and an ethical system as a guide to behavior-developing an ideology

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15
Q

Children are becoming more independent

Begin to look at the future in terms of career, relationships, families, housing, etc.

Explore possibilities and begin to form their own identity based upon the outcome of their explorations

A

Identity vs Identity confusion

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16
Q

Inability to develop a sense of identification with an individual or cultural role model that gives direction to one’s life can lead to a period of floundering and insecurity.

A

Identity vs Identity Confusion

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17
Q

Signs of Despair

A

Easily discouraged or frustrated
Has difficulty accepting status/lifestyle
Sees little in life to be thankful for
Expresses feelings of hopelessness
Focuses on unresolved problems in the past
Emphasizes failures more than successes
Feels they have nothing to offer others
Pessimistic about everyday life events
Unwilling to take control of own activities
Obsessive fear of death

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18
Q

increase central nervous system activity

A

stimulants

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19
Q

The free exercise of dexterity and intelligence in the completion of tasks, unimpaired by the infantile inferiority

A

competence

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21
Q

Psychosocial Psychology

A

Erik Erikson

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22
Q

virute learned in intimacy vs isolation

A

love

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23
Q

Begins with a single fertilized cell that initiates a process of division and differentiation.

Each organ system of the body has its own time of special growth and development.

The strengths and capacities developed at each stage are related to the entire personality and can be affected by development at any point of one’s life.

Erikson stresses that each stage is systematically related to all the others and must develop in a given sequence.

Each stage has a crisis in which the strengths and skills that form the essential elements of that stage was developed and tested.

A

Epigenetic Model of Human Development

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24
Q

People who lack a sense of personal identity have a harder time establishing close relationships.

Sometimes they seek isolation

A

Intimacy vs Isolation

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25
Q

Mutuality of devotion forever subduing the antagonisms inherent in divided function.

A

love

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26
Q

The child experiences mobility and inquisitiveness, an expanding sense of mastery and responsibility.

Language and imagination develop.

The sense of mastery is tempted by feelings of guilt.

The child develops conscience

At this stage, the child can do more than before and must learn to set limits.

A

Initiative vs Guilt

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27
Q

An active concern about young people and their welfare and about making the world a better place for future generations enhances the self.

A

Generativity vs Stagnation

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28
Q

commitment to the future and to the new generation.

includes concern for our children and for the ideas and other products that we have created.

A

Generativity

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29
Q

Expressed by one’s concern for others, by wanting to take care of those who need it and to share one’s knowledge and experience with them.

A

care

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30
Q

highly addictive drugs that suppress physical sensation and response to stimulation

A

opiates

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31
Q

Psychosocial Development of Personality

A
Basic Trust vs Basic Mistrust
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Initiative vs Guilt
Industry vs Inferiority
Identity vs Identity Confusion
Intimacy vs Isolation
Generativity vs Stagnation
Ego Identity vs Despair
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31
Q

virtue learned in Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

A

will

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32
Q

virtue learned in generativity vs stagnation

A

care

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33
Q

Interpretation of Neurosis

A

Failure of personal growth

Entails a falling short of what could have been, and even, one could say, of what should have been, biologically speaking, that is, of one had grown and developed in an unimpeded way.

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34
Q

virtue learned in identity vs identity confusion

A

fidelity

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35
Q

is more closely related to the consciousness of having a front and a back.

A

Doubt

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36
Q

Integrity arises when people accept their lives as worthy.

They look back and feel satisfied.

Includes the individual’s acceptance of a unique cycle with its triumphs and failures.

A

Ego integrity vs Despair

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37
Q

occurs when people see their lives wasted.

Life is running out, there is little time left, and they fear death.

A

Despair

38
Q

stems from a sense of self-exposure, a feeling that one’s deficiencies are exposed to others.

A

Shame

39
Q

includes an awareness of the value of other life-styles, including those that are very different from their own.

A

ego integrity

40
Q

comes from coca plant

A

cocaine

41
Q

produce changes in consciousness by altering perceptions of the external environment and inner awareness

A

hallucinogens

42
Q

Order of hierarchy of needs

A
Physiological Needs
Safety and Security Needs
Love and Belongingness
Esteem Needs
Self-Actualization
44
Q

Young adults are ready for the formation of lasting social bonds characterized by caring, sharing, and trust.

Intimacy ideally requires the development of a sexual relationship with a loved member of the opposite sex “with whom one is able and willing to regulate the cycles of work, procreation”.

A

Intimacy vs Isolation

45
Q

Hierarchy of needs was developed by

A

Abraham Maslow

46
Q

if given freedom;

a loving, harmonious and a non-aggressive society

A

eupsychia

47
Q

hunger, sex. thirst. other drives with somatic basis

A

Physiological needs

48
Q

anti-anxiety drugs

A

benzodiazepines

49
Q

Basic Tenets of the American Association of Humanistic Psychology

A

The primary study of psychology should be the experiencing person.

It must be concerned with choice, creativity and self-realization, rather than mechanistic reductionism. It must promote the dignity and enhancement of people.

50
Q

Signs of Ego Integrity

A

Talks of past without pessimism; accepting mistakes
Expresses satisfaction with life accomplishments
Optimistic outlook about life
Reminiscent but able to focus on present/future
Accepting of self and others
Accepting of declining physical capabilities
Able to resolve feelings related to death of others
Talks of death without overwhelming fear

51
Q

security, stability, dependency, protection, freedom from fear, need for structure

most obvious in infants and children

seen in OCD

A

safety or security needs

52
Q

depressants

A

barbiturates
alcohol
benzodiazepines

53
Q

opiates

A

morphine, heroine, codeine

54
Q

first set

A

strength, achievement, master and competence, confidence, independence

55
Q

need for friends, family and affectionate relations with people in general

our deeply animal tendency to herd, to flock, to join, to belong

A

love and belongingness

56
Q

need for self-esteem and for esteem from others

A

self-esteem needs

58
Q

second set

A

needs for respect and esteem from others, incorporation desires for fame, status , dominance, attention and dignity

59
Q

represents our drive to creativeness not only as part of self-actualization but as gratification of the basic needs

A

aesthetic needs

60
Q

have excellent analgesic properties

A

morphine and codeine

61
Q

A feeling of being able to choose what to keep and what to reject.

A

free choice

63
Q

What a man can be, he must be.

The highest level of need.

the fifth and highest level of personal growth includes openness, autonomy, creativity, and acceptance of one’s self and others.

Individuals are able to look beyond themselves to help others.

A

self-actualization

64
Q

desires to know and to understand as well what our truly basic needs are

A

cognitive needs

65
Q

Theories of Personality

A
Psychoanalysis
Individual Psychology
Psychosocial Psychology
Hierarchy of Needs
Cognitive Psychology
Temperament & Physique
66
Q

Individual Psychology

A

Alfred Adler

67
Q

prescribed for sedation

A

barbiturates

68
Q

long been used as post-surgical medicine

A

morphine

69
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

Jean Piaget

70
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud

72
Q

Hierarchy of Needs

A

Abraham Maslow

73
Q

Temperament and Physique

A

William Sheldon

74
Q

any substance that can be used to modify a chemical process or processes in the body

A

drug

75
Q

The increasing strength to make fee choices, to decide, to exercise self-restraint, and to apply oneself.

A

will

76
Q

derived from hemp plant

A

cannabis

77
Q

etymology of drug

A

Dutch/Low German “droog” meaning “dry”

78
Q

The foundation upon which a continuous sense of identity is formed. Acquired through the confirmation of ideologies and truths, and also through the affirmation of companions.

A

fidelity

78
Q

stimulants

A

amphetamine
cocaine
caffeine
nicotine

79
Q

from a mushroom

A

psilocybin

80
Q

other term for drug addiction

A

substance dependence

81
Q

2 components of drug addiction

A

physical dependency

psychological dependency

82
Q

a greater amount of drug is needed to produce the same effect

A

tolerance

83
Q

occurs when drug has been used habitually and the body has become accustomed to its effects

A

physical dependency

84
Q

occurs when a drug has been used habitually and the mind has become emotionally reliant of its effects

A

psychological dependency

85
Q

hallucinogens

A
lsd
pcp
mescaline
psilocybin
cannabis
86
Q

phencyclidine

A

lsd and pcp

87
Q

The courage to envisage and pursue valued goals uninhibited by the defeat of infantile fantasies, by guilt and by the foiling fear of punishment

A

purpose

87
Q

is known to last years

the obsession for the drug might not go away for up to 10 years after the person used last

A

mental addiction

87
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

Opiates
Hallucinogens
Depressants
Stimulants

87
Q

cough suppressant

A

codeine

87
Q

drugs that slow down the mental and physical activity of the body by inhibiting central nervous system activity

A

depressants

88
Q

develops with the sense of free choice.

A

autonomy

89
Q

a movement from play to a sense of work.

A

systematic instruction