Finals Flashcards
Concerned with muscular maturation and the accompanying ability to hold on or let go.
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
A turning point
Moments of decision between progress and regression, integration and retardation
crisis
social stimulant and nervous system depressant
alcohol
Development of a strong sense of basic trust implies not only that one has learned to rely on the sameness and continuity of outer providers, but also that one may trust oneself and the capacities of one’s own organs to cope with urges.
Mothers who trust their ability to care for their babies and trust in the healthy development of their children are able to communicate to the infant the sense of trust in the self and in the world.
Basic Trust vs Basic Mistrust
virtue learned in initiative vs guilt
purpose
The enduring belief in the attainability of fervent wishes, inspite of the dark urges and rages which mark the beginning of existence.
Hope
a parental model that supports self-observation, self-guidance, and also self-punishment.
conscience
The beginning of an entrance into life outside the family.
Stage of systematic instruction
The child needs to do well and develops a sense of work completion and satisfaction in a job well done.
Otherwise, the child develops a sense of inferiority and inequality.
When a child feel inadequate in comparison with their peers in achievements, skills, and abilities they develop a sense of inferiority.
Successful children in contrast, emerge with a feeling of competence and pleasure in their work –a sense of industry.
Industry vs Inferiority
virtue learned in industry vs inferiority
competence
As childhood ends, adolescents begin to integrate their past experiences into a new whole.
They question role models and identifications of the past and try out new roles.
A new sense of identity is develop.
The difficult transition between childhood and adulthood can be strongly affected by social limitations and possibilities.
The adolescent is likely to suffer from some confusion of roles.
Doubts about sexual attractiveness and sexual identity are common at this stage.
Identity vs Identity confusion
from a type of cactus
mescaline
virtue learned in Basic Trust vs Basic Mistrust
hope
Developmental tasks during the life span according to Havighurst
Achieving a new and more mature relations with age-mates of both sexes
Achieving a masculine or feminine social roles
Accepting one’s physique and using one’s body effectively
Desiring, accepting, and achieving socially responsible behavior
Achieving emotional independence from parents and other adults
Preparing for economic career
Preparing for marriage and family life
Acquiring a set of values and an ethical system as a guide to behavior-developing an ideology
Children are becoming more independent
Begin to look at the future in terms of career, relationships, families, housing, etc.
Explore possibilities and begin to form their own identity based upon the outcome of their explorations
Identity vs Identity confusion
Inability to develop a sense of identification with an individual or cultural role model that gives direction to one’s life can lead to a period of floundering and insecurity.
Identity vs Identity Confusion
Signs of Despair
Easily discouraged or frustrated
Has difficulty accepting status/lifestyle
Sees little in life to be thankful for
Expresses feelings of hopelessness
Focuses on unresolved problems in the past
Emphasizes failures more than successes
Feels they have nothing to offer others
Pessimistic about everyday life events
Unwilling to take control of own activities
Obsessive fear of death
increase central nervous system activity
stimulants
The free exercise of dexterity and intelligence in the completion of tasks, unimpaired by the infantile inferiority
competence
Psychosocial Psychology
Erik Erikson
virute learned in intimacy vs isolation
love
Begins with a single fertilized cell that initiates a process of division and differentiation.
Each organ system of the body has its own time of special growth and development.
The strengths and capacities developed at each stage are related to the entire personality and can be affected by development at any point of one’s life.
Erikson stresses that each stage is systematically related to all the others and must develop in a given sequence.
Each stage has a crisis in which the strengths and skills that form the essential elements of that stage was developed and tested.
Epigenetic Model of Human Development
People who lack a sense of personal identity have a harder time establishing close relationships.
Sometimes they seek isolation
Intimacy vs Isolation
Mutuality of devotion forever subduing the antagonisms inherent in divided function.
love
The child experiences mobility and inquisitiveness, an expanding sense of mastery and responsibility.
Language and imagination develop.
The sense of mastery is tempted by feelings of guilt.
The child develops conscience
At this stage, the child can do more than before and must learn to set limits.
Initiative vs Guilt
An active concern about young people and their welfare and about making the world a better place for future generations enhances the self.
Generativity vs Stagnation
commitment to the future and to the new generation.
includes concern for our children and for the ideas and other products that we have created.
Generativity
Expressed by one’s concern for others, by wanting to take care of those who need it and to share one’s knowledge and experience with them.
care
highly addictive drugs that suppress physical sensation and response to stimulation
opiates
Psychosocial Development of Personality
Basic Trust vs Basic Mistrust Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt Initiative vs Guilt Industry vs Inferiority Identity vs Identity Confusion Intimacy vs Isolation Generativity vs Stagnation Ego Identity vs Despair
virtue learned in Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
will
virtue learned in generativity vs stagnation
care
Interpretation of Neurosis
Failure of personal growth
Entails a falling short of what could have been, and even, one could say, of what should have been, biologically speaking, that is, of one had grown and developed in an unimpeded way.
virtue learned in identity vs identity confusion
fidelity
is more closely related to the consciousness of having a front and a back.
Doubt
Integrity arises when people accept their lives as worthy.
They look back and feel satisfied.
Includes the individual’s acceptance of a unique cycle with its triumphs and failures.
Ego integrity vs Despair
occurs when people see their lives wasted.
Life is running out, there is little time left, and they fear death.
Despair
stems from a sense of self-exposure, a feeling that one’s deficiencies are exposed to others.
Shame
includes an awareness of the value of other life-styles, including those that are very different from their own.
ego integrity
comes from coca plant
cocaine
produce changes in consciousness by altering perceptions of the external environment and inner awareness
hallucinogens
Order of hierarchy of needs
Physiological Needs Safety and Security Needs Love and Belongingness Esteem Needs Self-Actualization
Young adults are ready for the formation of lasting social bonds characterized by caring, sharing, and trust.
Intimacy ideally requires the development of a sexual relationship with a loved member of the opposite sex “with whom one is able and willing to regulate the cycles of work, procreation”.
Intimacy vs Isolation
Hierarchy of needs was developed by
Abraham Maslow
if given freedom;
a loving, harmonious and a non-aggressive society
eupsychia
hunger, sex. thirst. other drives with somatic basis
Physiological needs
anti-anxiety drugs
benzodiazepines
Basic Tenets of the American Association of Humanistic Psychology
The primary study of psychology should be the experiencing person.
It must be concerned with choice, creativity and self-realization, rather than mechanistic reductionism. It must promote the dignity and enhancement of people.
Signs of Ego Integrity
Talks of past without pessimism; accepting mistakes
Expresses satisfaction with life accomplishments
Optimistic outlook about life
Reminiscent but able to focus on present/future
Accepting of self and others
Accepting of declining physical capabilities
Able to resolve feelings related to death of others
Talks of death without overwhelming fear
security, stability, dependency, protection, freedom from fear, need for structure
most obvious in infants and children
seen in OCD
safety or security needs
depressants
barbiturates
alcohol
benzodiazepines
opiates
morphine, heroine, codeine
first set
strength, achievement, master and competence, confidence, independence
need for friends, family and affectionate relations with people in general
our deeply animal tendency to herd, to flock, to join, to belong
love and belongingness
need for self-esteem and for esteem from others
self-esteem needs
second set
needs for respect and esteem from others, incorporation desires for fame, status , dominance, attention and dignity
represents our drive to creativeness not only as part of self-actualization but as gratification of the basic needs
aesthetic needs
have excellent analgesic properties
morphine and codeine
A feeling of being able to choose what to keep and what to reject.
free choice
What a man can be, he must be.
The highest level of need.
the fifth and highest level of personal growth includes openness, autonomy, creativity, and acceptance of one’s self and others.
Individuals are able to look beyond themselves to help others.
self-actualization
desires to know and to understand as well what our truly basic needs are
cognitive needs
Theories of Personality
Psychoanalysis Individual Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Hierarchy of Needs Cognitive Psychology Temperament & Physique
Individual Psychology
Alfred Adler
prescribed for sedation
barbiturates
long been used as post-surgical medicine
morphine
Cognitive Psychology
Jean Piaget
Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow
Temperament and Physique
William Sheldon
any substance that can be used to modify a chemical process or processes in the body
drug
The increasing strength to make fee choices, to decide, to exercise self-restraint, and to apply oneself.
will
derived from hemp plant
cannabis
etymology of drug
Dutch/Low German “droog” meaning “dry”
The foundation upon which a continuous sense of identity is formed. Acquired through the confirmation of ideologies and truths, and also through the affirmation of companions.
fidelity
stimulants
amphetamine
cocaine
caffeine
nicotine
from a mushroom
psilocybin
other term for drug addiction
substance dependence
2 components of drug addiction
physical dependency
psychological dependency
a greater amount of drug is needed to produce the same effect
tolerance
occurs when drug has been used habitually and the body has become accustomed to its effects
physical dependency
occurs when a drug has been used habitually and the mind has become emotionally reliant of its effects
psychological dependency
hallucinogens
lsd pcp mescaline psilocybin cannabis
phencyclidine
lsd and pcp
The courage to envisage and pursue valued goals uninhibited by the defeat of infantile fantasies, by guilt and by the foiling fear of punishment
purpose
is known to last years
the obsession for the drug might not go away for up to 10 years after the person used last
mental addiction
psychoactive drugs
Opiates
Hallucinogens
Depressants
Stimulants
cough suppressant
codeine
drugs that slow down the mental and physical activity of the body by inhibiting central nervous system activity
depressants
develops with the sense of free choice.
autonomy
a movement from play to a sense of work.
systematic instruction
