Personality (4) Flashcards
Disorders Develop When:
- needs for positive regard and positive self-regard are based on conditions of worth
- self-conceptions are unorganized, incompatible, and incongruent
Conflicts Arise When There is Incongruence Between:
- One’s self-perception and the evaluation from others
- One’s real self and one’s ideal self
Moderate Incongruence Leads To
neurotic behavior
Extreme Incongruence Leads To
- Disorganized personality (fragmented self-concept)
- Psychosis (loss of contact with reality)
Client-Centered Therapy
- objective is to restore congruence and to integrate the self
- involves client becoming aware of previously distorted/denied experiences
- therapy focuses on person and involves the person’s own frame of reference
Empathetic Understanding
therapist sees the client from the client’s internal frame of reference
Unconditional Positive Regard
therapist accepts and respects what the client says and feels
Genuine Acceptance
therapist is totally open and reinstates what the client says without judgements
Therapeutic Conditions
- Empathetic understanding
- Unconditional positive regard
- Genuine acceptance
Psychodynamic Theory: Purpose
to discover the client’s unconscious memories/thoughts
Psychodynamic Theory Helps People
Help people to understand the roots of their symptoms or behaviors
Psychodynamic Theory: Therapist
- subjectively interprets the symbolic meanings of the client’s symptoms, dreams, thoughts, etc.
- attitude of therapist is highly judgmental
Psychodynamic Backward/Forward
- Past oriented
- Goal: reconstruct a gloomy past
- The current self is shaped by events in the past
- People are motivated by the need to avoid pain
Psychodynamic Therapist-Client Relationship
- Patients feel threatened when the therapist poke at their unconscious minds
- Patients refuse to accept the interpretations offered
Humanistic Theory: Purpose
- to restore congruence
- help people to live to their fullest potential
Humanistic Theory: Therapist
- therapist attempts to understand the life of the client from the client’s frame of reference
- Attitude of the therapist is non-judgemental and compassionate
Humanistic Theory: Looking Backward/Forward
- Future oriented
- Goal: construct a bright future
- People are motivated by positive growth rather than by their past or their need to avoid pain
Humanistic Theory: Therapist-Client Relationship
- Therapeutic conditions involve empathetic understanding, unconditional positive regard, and genuine acceptance
- Therapists are usually successful in establishing rapport with their clients
