Personality (1) Flashcards
Personality
an individual’s unique set of consistent behavioral traits
Personality is Used to Explain:
- The stability in a person’s behavior over time + across situations (consistency)
- The behavioral differences among people reacting to the same situation (distinctiveness)
Personality Trait
a durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations
Data-Driven Approach to Personality
The Big-Five Model
Theory-driven approach to personality
- Psychodynamic (Sigmund Freud)
- Humanistic (Abraham Maslow; Carl Rogers)
- Cognitive (Geroge Kelly; Julian Rotter)
The Five-Factor Personality Model
i) Openness to experiences
ii) Conscientiousness
iii) Extraversion
iv) Agreeableness
v) Neuroticism
Openness to experiences
Creative, intellectual, open-minded, curious, flexible, unconventional, empathetic, etc.
Conscientiousness
Organized, responsible, cautious, diligent, punctual, dependable, self-disciplines, etc.
Extraversion
Talkative, energetic, assertive, outgoing, sociable, friendly, gregarious, upbeat, etc.
Agreeableness
Sympathetic, kind, affectionate, warm, trusting, compassionate, cooperative, modest, etc.
Neuroticism
Anxious, unstable, insecure, hostile, self-conscious, sensitive, vulnerable, impulsive, etc.
Eysenck’s Biological Trait Theory
- Extraversion and neuroticism are orthogonal factors
- A third factor, psychoticism, was added to the model later
Explaining the Formation of Personality
- Behavioral view (focuses on environmental factors)
- Biological view (focuses on biological factors)
- Humanistic view (focuses on the bright side of human nature)
- Psychodynamic view (focuses on the dark side of human nature)
Humanistic View
- proposed by Abraham Maslow
- states people achieve their full potential by moving from basic needs to self-actualization
Psychodynamic View
the unconscious mind is the primary source of human behavior
Freud is Considered The
“third great revolutionist” in human self-awareness, after Copernicus and Darwin
Psychodynamic Theories
- Existence of psychic energy
- Psychic determinism
- Psychoanalysis
Existence of Psychic Energy
The interactions between powerful inner forces shape personality and motivate behavior
Psychic Determinism
All behaviors were motivated — all acts are determined by motives; no chance or accidental happenings cause behavior
Psychoanalysis
Every human action has a cause/purpose that can be discovered through analysis of thought associations, dreams, errors, etc.
